TABLE 3.
Baroreflex feedback and feedforward gains and HRV indices computed at each time point.
| T1 | T2 | T4 | Delta T2–T1 | Delta T4–T1 | Delta T4–T2 | |
| BRS | ||||||
| FB (ms/mmHg) | 1.7 (1.1,4.8) | 0.3 (0.2,0.7) | 0.2 (0.1,0.3)* | −1.4 (−4.5,−0.7) | −1.6 (−4.5,−1) | −0.2 (−0.4,0.1) |
| FF (mmHg/ms) | 0.02 (0.02,0.08) | 0.1 (0.04,0.3) | 0.2 (0.19,0.21) | 0.05 (0,0.3) | 0.1 (0.08,0.2) | 0.06 (−0.1,0.2) |
| HRV | ||||||
| RMSSD (ms) | 70.2 (49.9,86.6) | 31.3 (25.9,56.8) | 25.6 (22.5,29.4)* | −33.7 (−54,−15.9) | −45.1 (−60,−20.5) | −6.8 (−27.4,−3.6) |
| SDSD (ms) | 3.7 (2.6,4.5) | 1.6 (1.4,3) | 1.3 (1.2,1.5)* | −1.8 (−2.8,−0.8) | −2.4 (−3.1,−1) | −0.4 (−1.4,−0.2) |
| SD (ms) | 4.9 (3.5,7.6) | 1.9 (1.6,4) | 1.4 (1.2,1.8)* | −2.7 (−5.8,−0.5) | −3.5 (−6.2,−2.1) | −0.6 (−2.2,−0.4) |
BRS, baroreflex sensitivity; FB, feedback gain; FF, feedforward gain; HRV, heart rate variability; RMSSD, root mean square of successive differences; SDSD, standard deviation of successive differences; SD, standard deviation. T1, baseline; T2, after development of septic shock; T4, after resuscitation with fluids and noradrenaline. Wilcoxon signed test: *p < 0.05 with respect to T1 (Friedman test p-value < 0.05). Values are reported as median (25th, 75th percentile).