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. 2020 Jul 7;11:1412. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01412

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Copyright © 2020 Dacoba, Anfray, Mainini, Allavena, Alonso, Torres Andón and Crecente-Campo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Macrophage cytotoxicity toward PANC-1 cancer cells after pre-treatment with the different nanocomplexes. (A) Schematic representation of the in vitro model for the determination of the killing capacity of pre-treated macrophages. (B,C) % of cancer cell death caused by (B) the prototypic macrophages or (C) M0 macrophages pre-treated with free or nanocomplexed poly(I:C). Poly(I:C) was used at the final dose of 5 μg/mL. Each symbol shape represents a different donor. Values represent mean ± SD (n ≥ 3). Statistical comparison was done using an ordinary one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey's multiple comparison test between groups. Statistically significant differences are represented as ***p < 0.005. C12r8, laurate-octaarginine; HA, hyaluronic acid; pArg, poly-arginine; PANC-1, pancreatic cancer cells; PEG–PGA, pegylated polyglutamic acid; pIC, poly(I:C).