Table 1.
Overview of human CLRs and their characteristics discussed in this review, and their characteristics.
| Common names | Cellular expression pattern | Signaling | Glycan specificity | Recognized bacteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Langerin (CD207, CLEC4K) | LCs (Valladeau et al., 2000) | Unknown but contains intracellular proline-rich WPREPP motif (Thépaut et al., 2009) | Mannose, fucose, GlcNAc (Feinberg et al., 2011) | S. aureus (van Dalen et al., 2019a), S. pyogenes (van Dalen et al., 2019b), Y. pestis (Yang et al., 2015) |
| MGL (CD301, CLEC10A) | Macrophages, DCs in skin and lymphoid organs (Raes et al., 2005; van Vliet et al., 2008). | Unknown | Galactose, α- and β-GalNAc (Suzuki et al., 1996) | S. aureus ST395 (Mnich et al., 2019), C. jejuni (van Sorge et al., 2009), N. gonorrhoeae (van Vliet et al., 2009), E. coli (Maalej et al., 2019) |
| DC-SIGN (CD209, CLEC4L) | DCs at mucosal surfaces, skin dermis and lymphoid organs, macrophages (Geijtenbeek et al., 2000a,b; Soilleux et al., 2002). | Unknown | Mannose, α1-3 and α1-4 fucosylated glycans, GlcNAc (Suzuki et al., 1996; van Vliet et al., 2005) | H. pylori (Bergman et al., 2004), Y. pseudotuberculosis (Zhang et al., 2006b), Y. pestis (Zhang et al., 2008), E. coli K12 (Zhang et al., 2006b), N. meningitidis (Steeghs et al., 2006), N. gonorrhoeae (Zhang et al., 2006a), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Zhang et al., 2006b) |
| Mincle (CLEC4E) | Activated macrophages, some subpopulations of B cells (Matsumoto et al., 1999; Kawata et al., 2012) | ITAM motif in associated FcRγ chain (Matsumoto et al., 1999; Yamasaki et al., 2008) | Broad range of self and non-self glycolipids (Lu et al., 2018) | K. pneumoniae (Sharma et al., 2014), H. pylori (Devi et al., 2015), S. pyogenes (Imai et al., 2018), S. pneumoniae (Imai et al., 2018) |
| Dectin-2 (CLEC6A) | Macrophages, DCs, LCs, monocytes (Ariizumi et al., 2000; Taylor et al., 2005) | ITAM motif in associated FcRγ chain (Sato et al., 2006) | α-mannans (Fernandes et al., 1999; Sato et al., 2006; Saijo et al., 2010) | Hafnia alvei (Wittmann et al., 2016), E. coli O9a (Wittmann et al., 2016) |
DC, dendritic cell; LC, Langerhans cell, ITAM, intracellular tyrosine-based activation motif; GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine; GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine.