Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study groups.
| Clinical characteristics | No sBPD (n = 29) | sBPD (n = 13) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male) | 19 (65.5) | 10 (76.9) | 0.460 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 29.5 (28–31.5) | 27 (25.7–28.2) | <0.001 |
| Birth weight (g) | 1235 (1110–1507) | 890 (655–1130) | 0.000 |
| Maternal chorioamnionitis | 2 (6.9) | 4 (30.7) | 0.041 |
| Complete antenatal steroids | 20 (68.9) | 9 (69.2) | 0.986 |
| Cesarean delivery | 18 (62.1) | 8 (61.5) | 0.974 |
| Apgar 5′ | 9 (8–10) | 8 (5.5–9.5) | 0.090 |
| CRIB 12 h | 1 (0–2) | 2 (1–7) | 0.002 |
| Surfactant for RDS | 3 (10.3) | 7 (53.8) | 0.002 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation (days) | 0 (0–7) | 7 (0–23) | 0.000 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation (7th DOL) | 0 (0) | 4 (30.7) | 0.002 |
| Mechanical ventilation including CPAP (days) | 5 (2–10) | 37 (12.5–57.5) | <0.001 |
| RI (maximum) | 1.8 (1.3–2.4) | 3.9 (2.3–9.5) | 0.002 |
| RI (7th DOL) | 0 (0–1.2) | 2.1 (1.6–2.7) | <0.001 |
| HsPDA | 6 (20.6) | 5 (38.4) | 0.226 |
| Late-onset sepsis | 4 (13.8) | 6 (46.1) | 0.023 |
| Blood transfusion | 5 (17.2) | 10 (76.9) | <0.001 |
| Number | 0 (0–0) | 3 (1–5) | 0.000 |
| Inotropes-vasopressors | 5 (17.2) | 10 (76.9) | 0.000 |
| VIS (maximum) | 7.5 (3.7–10) | 5 (5–11.2) | 0.859 |
| Oxygen supplementation ≥28 days (any grade BPD) | 8 (33.3) | 13 (100) | <0.001 |
| Postnatal steroid use | 0 (0) | 4 (30.7) | <0.001 |
| CPAP dependency 28th DOL | 1 (3.4) | 8 (61.5) | <0.001 |
| IVH grade II–IV | 1 (3.4) | 1 (7.7) | 0.550 |
| NEC | 0 (0) | 3 (23) | 0.007 |
| Death before discharge | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 |
RI is calculated as mean airway pressure × FiO2. VIS is calculated as dopamine + dobutamine + (100 × epinephrine) + (100 × norepinephrine) + (10 × milrinone).
CRIB clinical risk index for babies, DOL day of life, IVH intraventricular hemorrhage, NEC necrotizing enterocolitis, HsPDA hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in need for treatment, RI respiratory index, RDS respiratory distress syndrome, VIS vasopressor-inotropic score (calculated only for those infants who received some inotrope or vasopressor).