Table 1.

Examples of thuricin 17 application to promote plant growth and resistance to abiotic stresses.

Crop	Growth condition	Thuricin 17 mode of action	Reference
Arabidopsis thaliana	Salt stress	More than two fold changes in activation of some important carbon, energy, and antioxidant metabolism pathway proteins including PEP-carboxylase, Rubisco-oxygenase, and pyruvate kinase, leading to mitigation of stressful conditions	(Subramanian et al., 2016b)
A. thaliana	Salt stress	Increased levels of IAA (85%) and SA (42%) and decreased gibberellins, cytokinins and jasmonate, causing amelioration to salt stress	(Subramanian, 2014)
Corn (Zea mays)	Non-stressful	Enhanced leaf area and dry weight at 3 leaf stage	(Lee et al., 2009)
Canola [Brassica napus (L.)]	Stressful cold temperature and salinity	Promoted dry biomass and root development	(Schwinghamer et al., 2016a)
Soybean (Glycine max)	Non-stressful	Induced defense system: enhanced production of liginification-related enzymes and their isoforms, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes (antioxidative enzymes)	(Jung et al., 2008, 2011)
Soybean	Non-stressful	Provided competitive advantage to the nodulating stain when thuricin 17 was applied as root-drench on inoculated plants with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 532C so nodule number, root and shoot total biomass increased; foliar application also enhanced leaf area, leaf greenness, and shoot N concentration	(Lee et al., 2009)
Soybean	Water stress	Enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) levels in leaves and roots leading to root elongation which increased water and nutrient uptake	(Prudent et al., 2015)