Table 1.
Summary of studies on the rat or human samples for inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stresses variation after radiotherapy. The list of studies quantitatively presented their results on TNF-α, IL-1β, MPO, and MDA is shown in table. As shown in table, radiations between 6–60 Gy on the rats̓ tissue or serum and human serum were analyzed. Examinations were done 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after irradiation.
| Study (reference) | TPRT # | Dose (Gy) |
Tissue or serum | MPO (mean) |
MDA (mean) | IL-1B (mean) | TNF-a (mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre/post | Pre/post | Pre/post | Pre/post | ||||||
| 1. Sener et al.55 | 12 h | 6 Gy | Colon of rat* | 11/25 | 25/35 | - | - | ||
| 72 h | 11/33 | 25/36 | |||||||
| (U/g) | (nmol/g) | ||||||||
| 2. Demirel et al.54 | 72 h | 6 Gy | lung of rat* | 0.75/1.55 (U/g of total protein) | 2.25/8.23 (nmol/ml) | - | - | ||
| 3. Olgaç et al.56 | 72 h | 10 Gy | Intestinal of rat** | 3.6/9.1 (U/g tissue) | 460/1500 (nmol/mg protein) | - | - | ||
| 4.Miyamoto et al.60 | 24 h 48 h | 0 Gy | Tongue of rat** | 0: 1.9 0: 1.9 | - | - | - | ||
| 10 Gy | 10: 3.9 10: 4 | ||||||||
| 18 Gy | 18: 4.1 18: 4.2 | ||||||||
| 30 Gy | 30:3.9 30: 4.3 (Mpo×104/g mucosa) | ||||||||
| 5. Khayyal et al 57 | 72 h | 6 GY | Small intestine of rat* | 0.25/0.75 (U/g tissue) | - | - | 175/340 (Pg/g tissue) | ||
| 6. Arjmandi et al.50 | IP-RT*** | 50 Gy chestwall | Serum of human | - | 1.9/2.3 (micro mol/L) | - | - | ||
| 7. Khoshbin et al.51 | IP-RT*** | 54 Gy chestwall | Serum of human | - | 1.48/1.88 (ng/ml) | - | - | ||
| 8. Sabitha et al.52 | IP-RT*** | 60 Gy | Serum of human | - | 4.6/5.9 (nmol/dl) | - | - | ||
| 9. Arıcıgil et al.67 | 4 weeks | 18 Gy | Serum of rat** | - | - | 22/55 (Pg/ml) | 17/31 (Pg/ml) | ||
| 10. Symon et al.65 | 2 weeks | 22 Gy | Distal rectums of Mice** | - | - | Increased by 300 fold | Increased by 6 fold | ||
| 11. Linard et al 66 | 6 h | 10 Gy | Ileal musculars layers of rat** | - | - | 250/500 (Pg/ml Protein) | 0.4/4 (Pg/ml Protein) | ||
#: TPRT (Time Post Radiotherapy).
Radiation condition: *: Whole body radiation, **: Partial body radiation, ***: Immediately post RT.
Analysis of references showed that in: Ref. No.1- MPO variation after 12 and 72 h, was approximately doubled and third times respectively and for MDA these changes were 28% and 30% in colon tissue of rats, respectively. Ref. No.2. In this study, after 72 h the variation of MPO for lung tissue were doubled and MDA changes were four fold. Ref. No.3. In the study of intestinal tissue, after 72 h, the MPO and MDA changes were three times. Ref. No.4. In the oral tissue 24 and 48 h after irradiation 18, 10 and 30 Gy, changes of MPO level was similar and twice time. Ref. No.5. In the study of intestinal tissue after 72 h with 6 Gy, the level of MPO increased three-fold and for TNF-α variation was two-fold. Ref. No.6 and 7 increase of MDA after 50 Gy irradiation studies of patients with breast cancer showed 17% in the blood serum after radiation and after 54 Gy radiation was 21%. Ref. No.8.Variation of MDA levels were 22% in the blood serum of oral cancer patients. Ref. No.9. In the serum of rat, after 18 Gy radiation in neck area, the IL-1β level was more than doubled and the TNF-α level was about twice after four weeks. Ref. No.10. In the study, two weeks after irradiation of 22 Gy of rat rectal tissue, IL-1β gene expression was three hundred times greater in radiation group, and TNF-α increased six fold. Ref. No.11. In the study of intestinal mucus ileum, after 10 Gy, two fold changes were observed for IL-1βand a tenfold for TNF-α.