Table 3.

Agreement in Pathogen Detection in 69 Paired Nasal Swabs Obtained Within the HCW Group^a

Parameter	Parent-Collected Swab Positive, HCW-Collected Swab Negative (n)	Parent-Collected Swab Negative, HCW-Collected Swab Positive (n)	Parent- and HCW-Collected Swabs Positive (n)	Parent- and HCW-Collected Swabs Negative (n)	Positive Agreement (95% CI)	Negative Agreement (95% CI)
At least 1 pathogen identified	12	6	47	4	0.84 (0.77–0.91)	0.31 (0.08–0.54)
At least 1 virus identified	9	6	13	41	0.63 (0.46–0.81)	0.85 (0.77–0.92)
At least 1 bacterium identified	13	6	44	6	0.82 (0.74–0.90)	0.39 (0.17–0.60)
Viruses detected
Rhinovirus	10	1	1	57	0.15 (0.00–0.42)	0.91 (0.86–0.96)
Parainfluenza virus III	1	1	1	66	0.5 (0–1.00)	0.99 (0.96–1.01)
Respiratory syncytial virus A	1	0	1	67	0.67 (0.05–1.00)	0.99 (0.98–1.00)
Respiratory syncytial virus B	0	0	2	67	1 (1.00–1.00)	1 (1.00–1.00)
Human coronavirus NL63	0	0	1	68	1 (1.00–1.00)	1 (1.00– 1.00)
Human coronavirus HKU1	0	1	0	68	0 (0.00–0.00)	0.99 (0.98–1.01)
Human metapneumovirus	0	1	0	68	0 (0.00– 0.00)	0.99 (0.98–1.00)
Adenoviruses	1	3	0	65	0 (0.00–0.00)	0.97 (0.94–1.00)
Human polyomavirus WUV	0	3	1	65	0.40 (0.00–0.94)	0.98 (0.95–1.00)
Human polyomavirus KIV	3	1	2	63	0.5 (0.08–0.92)	0.97 (0.94–1.00)
Human bocavirus 1	0	0	1	68	1 (1.00–1.00)	1 (1.00–1.00)
Bacteria
Haemophilus influenzae	10	10	18	31	0.64 (0.50– 0.79)	0.76 (0.65–0.86)
Streptococcus pneumoniae	13	6	32	18	0.77 (0.67–0.87)	0.65 (0.51–0.80)
Moraxella catarrhalis	16	11	27	15	0.67 (0.55–0.79)	0.53 (0.37–0.68)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HCW group, healthcare worker collection group.

^aInfluenza virus A, influenza virus B, parainfluenza virus I, parainfluenza virus II, human coronavirus OC43, and human coronavirus 229E were not found in any swab.