Table 2.
Comparison of different extraction methods (organic-solvent extraction (OSE), hot-water extraction (HWE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)). The results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3).
| Extraction method | TPC (mg GAE/g) | DPPH (mg TE/g) | CUPRAC (mg TE/g) |
|---|---|---|---|
| OSE | 3.68 ± 0.55b* | 4.16 ± 0.88c | 8.04 ± 1.08c |
| HWT | 11.29 ± 0.12a | 8.87 ± 0.03a | 19.51 ± 0.63a |
| MAE | 11.23 ± 1.05a | 7.19 ± 0.24b | 15.43 ± 0.56b |
Values at the same column followed by different superscript letter within the same column are significantly different at p < 0.05 according to ANOVA and Duncan’s test.