Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and RPV characteristics of the sample.
| mean ± SD |
p value (Cohens f) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | PMR | MBAT | PMR vs MBAT | |
| n | 49 | 25 | 24 | |
| sex: female/male | 32/17 | 16/9 | 16/8 | .844a |
| age [years] | 38.51 ± 10.66 | 39.24 ± 11.70 | 37.75 ± 9.66 | .630b (0.07) |
| education: CSE or high school diploma/A levels | 15/34 | 7/18 | 8/16 | .686a |
| age of illness onset [years] | 22.01 ± 10.41 | 23.20 ± 11.61 | 20.72 ± 9.02 | .415b (0.12) |
| number of depressive episodes | 4.61 ± 2.68 | 4.16 ± 2.39 | 5.08 ± 2.92 | .231b (0.18) |
| average length of previous depressive episode [weeks] | 33.85 ± 46.66 | 40.56 ± 50.58 | 26.57 ± 41.86 | .304b (0.15) |
| time since remission [weeks] | 154.08 ± 167.28 | 192.40 ± 201.61 | 112.43 ± 109.35 | .098b (0.25) |
| previous inpatient treatment (%(n)) | 41 (20) | 48 (12) | 33 (8) | .296a |
| current psychotropic medicationc (%(n)) | 17 (8) | 24 (6) | 8 (2) | .155a |
| WHO5 pre [%] | 53 ± 22 | 53 ± 24 | 54 ± 21 | .992b (0.00) |
| WHO5 post [%] | 58 ± 20 | 55 ± 25 | 62 ± 14 | .294b (0.17) |
| homework compliance [%] | 92 ± 1 | 89 ± 1 | 95 ± 1 | .066b (0.27) |
| BAI pre | 9.03 ± 10.47 | 9.31 ± 9.91 | 8.75 ± 11.22 | .854b (0.03) |
| BAI post | 7.32 ± 7.04 | 7.09 ± 6.62 | 7.58 ± 7.60 | .812b (0.03) |
| PD CV pre | 0.74 ± 0.30 | 0.63 ± 0.30 | 0.84 ± 0.26 | .011b (0.39) |
| PD CV post | 0.72 ± 0.24 | 0.74 ± 0.25 | 0.70 ± 0.24 | .556b (0.08) |
| Number of bins pre | 23.67 ± 22.13 | 18.76 ± 15.64 | 28.79 ± 26.71 | .114b (0.23) |
| Number of bins post | 21.33 ± 16.15 | 22.28 ± 17.71 | 20.33 ± 14.65 | .678b (0.06) |
a Chi2 test.
b univariate ANOVA.
c medication (including n = 2 participants with multiple prescriptions; n = 1 person with missing value).
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI): n = 4.
serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI): n = 2.
noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA): n = 1.
atypical antidepressant norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI): n = 1.
atypical antidepressant agomelatine: n = 1.
atypical antipsychotic quetiapine: n = 1.
melatonin: n = 1.
Intervention: PMR: progressive muscle relaxation; MBAT: mindfulness-based focused attention training; pre/post: pre/post intervention.
CSE: Certificate of Secondary Education, 8 years (2 still at school).
Questionnaires: WHO5: well-being index, percentage of quality of life; BAI: Beck anxiety inventory.
Respiratory features: RPV: respiration pattern variability; PD CV: expiratory pause duration coefficient of variance; number of bins: number of respiratory frequency bins above 10% threshold of the main respiration rate derived from Welch's power spectral density estimates.