Table 1.
Clinical, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic data of the study's sample classified based on the echocardiographic detection of LVH
| LVH (N = 148) | No LVH (N = 1,444) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 70.7 ± 10.5 | 62.9 ± 11.8 | <.001 |
| Sex (male; %) | 30.4 | 41.8 | .004 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.3 ± 5 | 28.6 ± 4.6 | .06 |
| Current smoking (%) | 28.7 | 16.7 | .001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 32.3 | 16.3 | <.001 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 53 | 44.7 | .06 |
| Hypertension (%) | 70.3 | 42.5 | <.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 151.6 ± 20.8 | 143.4 ± 20.4 | <.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 84.7 ± 11.1 | 83.7 ± 11.0 | .31 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 59.7 ± 16.5 | 66.8 ± 17.8 | <.001 |
| EF (%) | 56.3 ± 8 | 59.2 ± 4.2 | <.001 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 49.0 ± 4.6 | 45.0 ± 3.7 | <.001 |
| LVESD (mm) | 31.3 ± 6.1 | 27.4 ± 4.3 | <.001 |
| MLVWS (kPa) | 14.4 ± 4.1 | 13.7 ± 3.5 | .021 |
| LA (mm) | 41.3 ± 5.4 | 36.6 ± 4.8 | <.001 |
| LV mass (BSA; g/m2) | 113.1 ± 18.3 | 78.4 ± 12.8 | <.001 |
| QRS duration (ms) | 99.7 ± 18.7 | 93.4 ± 13.8 | <.001 |
| ECG LVH (SL voltage; %) | 0.7 | 1.3 | .50 |
| ECG LVH (SL product; %) | 4.1 | 1.3 | .01 |
| ECG LVH (SL index; %) | 8.1 | 3.9 | .01 |
| ECG LVH (Cornell voltage; %) | 14.9 | 4.4 | <.001 |
| ECG LVH (Cornell product; %) | 25 | 9.2 | <.001 |
| ECG LVH (Lewis voltage; %) | 16.2 | 8.9 | .004 |
| ECG LVH (Framingham; %) | 1.4 | 0.3 | .04 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; ECG, electrocardiogram; EF, ejection fraction; LA, left atrium; LVEDD, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; LVESD, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; MLVWS, meridional left ventricular wall stress; SL, Sokolow–Lyon.