Studies excluded	Reason for exclusion
(Tanoue, Kjeldsen, Devereux, & Okin, 2017)	No heart failure symptoms
(van Boven et al., 1998)	No heart failure symptoms
(Ofman et al., 2012)	No heart failure symptoms
((Murkofsky et al., 1998)	No heart failure symptoms
(Okin, Wachtell, Gerdts, Dahlof, & Devereux, 2014)	No heart failure symptoms
(Triola et al., 2005)	No heart failure symptoms
(Onoue et al., 2016)	No heart failure symptoms
(Sauer et al., 2012)	No heart failure symptoms
(Namdar et al., 2013)	No heart failure symptoms
(Basnet, Manandhar, Shrestha, Shrestha, & Thapa, 2009)	No heart failure symptoms
(Nielsen, Hansen, Hilden, Larsen, & Svanegaard, 2000)	No heart failure symptoms
(Okin et al., 2001)	No heart failure symptoms
(Mewton et al., 2016)	No heart failure symptoms, nonrepresentative population
(Wachtell et al., 2007)	No heart failure symptoms
(Wilcox, Rosenberg, Vallakati, Gheorghiade, & Shah, 2011)	No heart failure symptoms
(Sartipy, Dahlstrom, Fu, & Lund, 2017)	No ECG data other than heart rhythm
(West et al., 2011)	No ECG data other than heart rhythm
(Zakeri, Chamberlain, Roger, & Redfield, 2013)	No ECG data other than heart rhythm
(Eapen et al., 2014)	No ECG data other than heart rhythm
(Brouwers et al., 2013)	No ECG data other than heart rhythm
(Perez de Isla et al., 2008)	No ECG data other than heart rhythm
(Martin, 2007)	No ECG data other than heart rhythm
(Gotsman et al., 2008)	No ECG data other than heart rhythm
(Goda et al., 2010)	No ECG data other than heart rhythm
(Zhang, Liebelt, Madan, Shan, & Taub, 2017)	No ECG data other than heart rhythm
(Cleland et al., 2006)	No ECG data other than heart rhythm
(Ahmed et al., 2006)	No ECG data other than heart rhythm
(Yusuf et al., 2003)	No ECG data other than heart rhythm
(Quiroz et al., 2014)	No ECG data other than heart rhythm
(Phan et al., 2010)	No ECG data other than chronotropic incompetence
(Arora et al., 2004)	No ECG data other than chronotropic incompetence
(De Sutter et al., 2005)	Echocardiographic study of ventricular dyssynchrony
(Wang, Kurrelmeyer, Torre‐Amione, & Nagueh, 2007)	Echocardiographic study of ventricular dyssynchrony
(Oluleye et al., 2014)	Overlapping analyses of same data
(McMurray et al., 2008)	Overlapping analyses of same data
(Selvaraj et al., 2018)	Overlapping analyses of same data
(Santhanakrishnan et al., 2016)	Overlapping analyses of same data
(Silverman et al., 2016)	Overlapping analyses of same data
(Okin et al., 2007)	No distinction of heart failure subtype
(Mureddu et al., 2012)	No distinction of heart failure subtype
(McCullough et al., 2005)	HeFREF only
(Shamim et al., 1999)	HeFREF only
(Karaye & Sani, 2008)	Nonrepresentative population
(Park et al., 2012)	Nonrepresentative population
(Beladan et al., 2014)	Nonrepresentative population
(Bauer et al., 2009)	Nonrepresentative population