Table 2. Associated Clinical Conditions in 163 Patients With Splenic Infarction.
| Associated condition | Patients, No. (%)a | Specific diagnoses within category | Cases, No. | In-hospital mortality within diagnostic category, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardioembolic | 12 | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | 26 (16) | NA | NA | |
| Cardioembolic other than atrial fibrillation | 15 (9) | Infective endocarditis | 9 | |
| Left ventricular thrombus | 3 | |||
| Severe congestive heart failure | 3 | |||
| Malignant tumor | 29 | |||
| Nonabdominal solid tumor | 5 (3) | Lung | 5 | |
| Abdominal solid tumor | 18 (11) | Pancreatic | 8 | |
| Hepatocellular | 2 | |||
| Cervical | 1 | |||
| Ovarian | 1 | |||
| Esophageal | 1 | |||
| Kidney | 1 | |||
| Colon | 1 | |||
| Lung metastases | 1 | |||
| Unknown primary | 2 | |||
| Lymphoma or leukemia | 9 (6) | Lymphoma | 6 | |
| Leukemia | 3 | |||
| Hypercoagulable state (not associated with malignant tumor) | 15 (9) | Simultaneous thrombosis in multiple vascular bedsb | 7 | 27 |
| Autoimmune hemolytic anemia | 2 | |||
| Antiphospholipid syndrome | 1 | |||
| Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura | 1 | |||
| Nephrotic syndrome | 1 | |||
| Systemic lupus | 1 | |||
| Polycythemia | 1 | |||
| History of documented hypercoagulable state | 1 | |||
| Sickle cell disease and variants | 10 (6) | Homozygous sickle cell disease in adults | 5 | 0 |
| Sickle-β-thalassemia | 2 | |||
| Sickle trait | 2 | |||
| Sickle cell disease | 1 | |||
| Sepsis or septic shock | 27 (17) | NA | NA | 30 |
| Hypotension not associated with sepsis | 11 (7) | NA | NA | 55 |
| Nonmalignant abdominal conditions | 22 | |||
| Inflammatory or infectious | 26 (16) | Pancreatitis | 10 | |
| Bowel perforation with peritonitis | 4 | |||
| Abdominal abscess | 4 | |||
| Ischemic colitis | 3 | |||
| Peritonitis with peritoneal dialysis | 2 | |||
| Nonischemic colitis | 2 | |||
| Hepatic necrosis | 1 | |||
| Cirrhosis and its complications | 5 (3) | NA | NA | |
| Trauma | 9 (6) | NA | NA | |
| Postoperative | 19 (12) | Bowel perforation | 4 | |
| Roux-en-Y gastric bypass | 3 | |||
| Trauma | 2 | |||
| Cesarian delivery | 2 | |||
| Small bowel obstruction | 2 | |||
| Paraesophageal hernia | 1 | |||
| Appendectomy | 1 | |||
| Sleeve gastrectomy | 1 | |||
| Abscess | 1 | |||
| Necrotizing pancreatitis | 1 | |||
| Ovarian cancer | 1 | |||
| Celiac or splenic atherosclerosis | 34 (21) | NA | NA | 29 |
| Arterial dissection or ruptured aneurysm | 5 (3) | Aortic dissection | 2 | 40 |
| Celiac dissection | 2 | |||
| Ruptured splenic aneurysm | 1 | |||
| Miscellaneous | 4 (2) | HIV infection without other obvious cause | 3 | 0 |
| Infectious mononucleosis | 1 | |||
| Unknown cause | 8 (5) | NA | NA | 0 |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
a
Total exceeds 163 because some patients had more than 1 potential associated condition.
b
Includes 4 patients with simultaneous splenic infarction and either pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis, and 3 patients with simultaneous arterial thrombosis in multiple organs but no cardioembolic source to explain the findings.