Table 1.
Biodiversity trends.
| Abundance | Richness | Diversity | Turnover | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall trend | z | −1.4 | 2.95 | 2 | 3.59 |
| d.f. | 152 | 160 | 160 | 160 | |
| p | 0.162 | 0.003 | 0.045 | 0.003 | |
| Biogeoregion | |||||
| Wald-type test of model coefficients | QM | 24.397 | 65.83 | 21.23 | 38.6 |
| d.f. | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | |
| p | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.012 | <0.001 | |
| Atlantic | z | −2.73 | |||
| p | 0.006 | ||||
| North Sea | z | 2.73 | 5.77 | 2.55 | −2.42 |
| p | 0.006 | <0.001 | 0.011 | 0.015 | |
| Black Sea | z | 3.41 | 2.67 | −2.73 | |
| p | <0.001 | 0.008 | 0.006 | ||
| Boreal | z | 4.35 | 2.09 | 2.05 | |
| p | <0.001 | 0.037 | 0.04 | ||
| Alpine | z | 3.79 | |||
| p | <0.001 | ||||
| Continental | z | 2.49 | |||
| p | 0.01 | ||||
| Realm | |||||
| Wald-type test of model coefficients | QM | 4.17 | 22.75 | 12.58 | 13.15 |
| d.f. | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
| p | 0.243 | <0.001 | 0.006 | 0.004 | |
| Freshwater | z | 2.73 | |||
| p | 0.006 | ||||
| Marine | z | 3.9 | 3.37 | ||
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Terrestrial | z | 3.25 | |||
| p | 0.001 | ||||
| Taxonomic group | |||||
| Wald-type test of model coefficients | QM | 24.67 | 57.09 | 20.06 | |
| d.f. | 8 | 8 | 8 | ||
| p | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.01 | ||
| Terrestrial invertebrates | z | −2.95 | |||
| p | 0.003 | ||||
| Birds | z | 4.11 | 4.78 | ||
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Aquatic invertebrates | z | 2.42 | 2.26 | ||
| p | 0.015 | 0.024 | |||
| Benthic algae | z | −5.33 | |||
| p | <0.001 | ||||
| Plants | z | 3.7 | |||
| p | <0.001 | ||||
Biodiversity trends for the whole dataset (overall trends) and within the different biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, as resulting from meta-analysis mixed models. Note that only significant results (p ≤ 0.05) are reported for the biogeoregion, realm and taxonomic group-specific analysis.