Table 2.
Mean (± standard deviation) peak hemodynamic parameters calculated from respiratory- and cardiac-gated 4D Flow MRI in healthy volunteers and single ventricle patients. P-values represent the difference between healthy subjects and single ventricle patients.
| Parameter | Units | Healthy Volunteer (Maximum) | Single Ventricle (Maximum) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flow | ml/cycle | 322 ± 96 | 272 ± 106 | 0.132 |
| Flow Index (Flow/Stroke Volume) | 1/cycle | 4.32 ± 0.85 | 3.24 ± 1.36 | 0.027 |
| Ventricle KE (Systole) | mJ | 3.16 ± 1.60 | 5.02 ± 2.28 | 0.049 |
| Ventricle KE (Diastole) | mJ | 3.72 ± 2.01 | 4.52 ± 4.20 | 0.38 |
| Efficiency Index (KE/Flow) | ml/cycle/mJ | 140 ± 64 | 71 ± 52 | 0.02 |
| Vorticity | rad/s | 0.26 ± 0.23 | 0.57 ± 0.24 | 0.212 |
| Reynolds Number | - | 5401 ± 2177 | 5454 ± 2222 | 0.478 |
| Aorta Relative Area Change | % | 46 | 45 | 0.5 |
| SVC Relative Area Change | % | 65 | 36 | 0.004 |
| IVC Relative Area Change | % | 41 | 66 | 0.125 |
| IVC KE | mJ | 6.98 | 3.2 | 0.021 |
| SVC KE | mJ | 3.34 | 1.44 | 0.0004 |