Figure 3.

Inhibition of GLRX5 elevates intracellular free iron levels. (A, B) Labile iron pool (LIP) in HN3R and HN4R cells with or without shGLRX5 gene silencing. LIP assay was measured in the HNC cells that were treated with or without 1 mM SAS for 8 h. (C) Ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) assay in both HNC cell lines. (D) mitochondrial iron accumulation in HN4R cells, which were subjected to 1 mM SAS treatment for 8 h. Mitochondrial iron was measured using rhodamine B-[(1,10-phenanthroline-5-yl)-aminocarbonyl]benzyl ester (RPA). The error bars represent standard errors from three replicates. Scale bar, 50 μm. ** P < 0.01 relative to ctr or vtr.