Inhibition of GLRX5 upregulates an iron-starvation response. (A-D) Protein and mRNA expression of (TfR1, TFRC), iron regulatory protein (IRP2, IREB2), ferritin (FTH1) and ferroportin (Fpn, SLC40A1) genes in HN4R cells stably transduced with a vector or shGLRX5 and GLRX5res, which were subjected to 1 mM SAS treatment for 24 h. (E-H) Aconitase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (αKGDH) activities, immunoblots, and cell death of HN4R cells stably transduced with a vector control or shGLRX5 and resistant GLRX5 cDNA (GLRX5res) wild type (WT) or catalytically inactive mutant cDNA (K101Q). The error bars represent standard errors from three replicates. ** P < 0.01 between the different groups treated with SAS.