Figure 3.

HSA-MnO₂-CQ NPs enhanced autophagy inhibition and radiation therapy by ameliorating hypoxia. (A, B) HIF-1α protein in T24 bladder cancer cells after various treatments. (C, D) p62 levels in T24 bladder cancer cells after various treatments. (E, F) LC3-II levels in T24 bladder cancer cells after various treatments. (G) p62 expression in T24 cells after various treatments by immunofluorescence staining. (H) Cytotoxicity of CQ, HSA-MnO₂ NPs and HSA-MnO₂-CQ NPs at various concentrations with or without radiation under hypoxic conditions. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.