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. 2020 Jun 22;10(17):7841–7856. doi: 10.7150/thno.42291

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Nitrogen-/phosphorous-doped carbon dots (NPCDs; 0-30 μL/mL)-induced apoptotic morphology in B16F10 melanoma cancer cells. Apoptotic morphology was evaluated by A) live-dead cells and B) Hoechst-PI staining. (C) Western blot analysis of various apoptotic markers (caspase-3, Bcl2, and Bax) and Image J analysis. (D) Immunocytochemistry of prominent apoptosis marker cleaved caspase-3 after treatment with NPCDs evaluated via confocal microscopy. The data are represented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three independent experiments: ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, * P < 0.05 vs. the control. Fluorescence images were captured at 20× magnification (scale bar = 0.1 mm).