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. 2020 May 27;405(4):451–460. doi: 10.1007/s00423-020-01896-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Postoperative complications in relation to preoperative diagnosis. The indication for surgery (group I: preoperative non-malignant diagnosis, group II: preoperative malignant diagnosis) did not significantly influence the occurrence of postoperative complications. Abbreviations: RR R⁻-risk ratio, OR odds ratio, CI 95%-confidence interval