. 2020 Jul 12;10(7):e036452. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036452

Table 2.

Length of hospital and ICU stay, percentages of patients receiving antibiotics, duration of antibiotic therapy prior to candidaemia onset, and overall mortality

Studies	Length of hospital stay (days)	Length of ICU stay (days)	Length of hospital stay prior to ICU admission (days)	Duration of ICU admission prior to candidaemia onset (days)	Percentages of patients receiving antibiotic therapy prior to candidaemia onset	Duration of antibiotic therapy prior to candidaemia onset (days)	Overall mortality rate
First author (year)	Length of hospital stay (days)	Length of ICU stay (days)	Length of hospital stay prior to ICU admission (days)	Duration of ICU admission prior to candidaemia onset (days)			Overall mortality rate
Zhao (2018)⁵¹	NA	24 (12–57)*	NA	NA	NA	NA	58
Ding (2018)⁵²	NA	NA	NA	NA	Broad-spectrum antibiotics: 98.6%	NA	31.90
Yang (2017)²⁶	Prior to IC diagnosis	NA	NA	Early-onset IC: 4 (1–7)†	Early-onset IC: 62 (59.0%)	NA	Early-onset IC: 28.6
	Early-onset IC: 4 (2–7)†			Late-onset IC: 17 (10–33)†	Late-onset IC: 179 (89.1%)		Late-onset IC: 40.8
	Late-onset IC: 26 (16–50)†
Tigen (2017)⁵³	NA	22 (18–30)*	NA	NA	Broad-spectrum antibiotic: 100%	NA	83.30
Tigen (2017)⁵³	NA	5.5 (2.25–15.75)*	NA	NA	Broad-spectrum antibiotic: 59.5%	NA	83.30
Baldesi (2017)⁵⁴	NA	29 (18–49)†	NA	NA	Antimicrobials: 82.2%	NA	52.40
Baldesi (2017)⁵⁴	NA	7 (4–13)†	NA	NA	Antimicrobials: 55.1%	NA	17.80
Rudramurthy (2017)⁵⁵	NA	NA	NA	10 (4.7–22.2)†	NA	NA	41.90
Rudramurthy (2017)⁵⁵	NA	NA	NA	7 (3–13)†	NA	NA	27
Kawano (2017)⁵⁶	NA	NA	NA	13 (1–73)*	Broad-spectrum antimicrobial: 84%	NA	72
Ortíz Ruiz (2016)¹⁶	35.4±3.0	21.9±1.7	NA	Median 25	Broad-spectrum antibiotic: 93.8% vs 69.8% (case vs control)	NA	39.51
Gong (2016)⁴⁷	Candida albicans: median: 32	C. albicans: median: 18	NA	NA	C. albicans (before diagnosis): 76 (77.6%)	NA	C. albicans (before diagnosis): 29.6
Gong (2016)⁴⁷	Non-C. albicans: median: 44	Non-C. albicans: median: 29	NA	NA	Non-C. albicans (before diagnosis): 121 (82.9%)	NA	Non-C. albicans (before diagnosis): 26.7
Playford (2016)⁵⁷	51 (34–89)†	21 (14–32)†	NA	10 (5–15.25)*	NA	NA	26
Playford (2016)⁵⁷	23 (13–40)†	8 (5–12)†	NA	10 (5–15.25)*	NA	NA	18.30
Pinhati (2016)⁵⁸	NA	NA	NA	22 (0–83)*	Any: 47.6%	NA	42.90
Pinhati (2016)⁵⁸	NA	NA	NA	25 (7–134)*	Any: 42.1%	NA	47.40
Aguilar (2015)¹⁵	NA	NA	NA	20 (5–37.5)†	Antibiotic therapy: 21 (95.4%)	10 (5.0–16.5)*	13.60
Fochtmann (2015)²⁷	NA	60 (13–176)*	NA	16 (6–89)*	Broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment in most patients	16 (6–89)*	30
Klingspor (2015)²⁸	NA	23 (0–329)*	2 (0–744)*	12 (0–190)*	Broad-spectrum antibiotics in the last 2 weeks: 511 (78.4%)	NA	38.80
Chakrabarti (2015)²⁹	NA	NA	NA	8 (4–15)†	Patients with candidaemia received antibiotics: 93.0%	16.0 (7–36) days†	44.70
Liao (2015)¹⁴	Flu-S: 34.5 (18–65)	Flu-S: 22.5 (10.0–40.0)	NA	Flu-S: 8.0 (3.0–17.0)†	≥5 days before diagnosis:	NA	Flu-S: 31.8
	Flu-R: 48.0 (21–90)	Flu-R: 29.0 (17–59)		Flu-R: 10.5 (4.0–27.0)†	Flu-S: 101 (78.3%)		Flu-R: 41.1
					Flu-R: 73 (81.1%)
Kautzky (2015)⁵⁹	NA	46 (14–74)*	17 (1–21)*	17.4±14.5	100%	NA	80
Kautzky (2015)⁵⁹	NA	21 (10–77)*	3 (1–66)*	17.4±14.5	90%	NA	21.70
Karacaer (2014)³¹	46.8±36.7 (5–190)	32.9±36.9 (0–190)	NA	NA	NA	15±13.8	77.70
Colombo (2014)³²	NA	NA	NA	20 (0–188)*	Prior antibiotic exposure: 96.1%	NA	70.30
Hu (2014)⁴⁸	54.0 (26.0–91.0)†	34.0 (18.0–71.0)†	NA	11.0 (4.0–26.0)†	CRCBSI: 100%	CRCBSI: 11.4±4.2 days	44.80
Hu (2014)⁴⁸	54.0 (26.0–91.0)†	34.0 (18.0–71.0)†	NA	11.0 (4.0–26.0)†	Non-CRCBSI: 99.5%	Non-CRCBSI: 10.6±6.5 days	44.80
Lortholary (2017)⁶⁰	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	51.00
Lortholary (2017)⁶⁰	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	30.70
Yapar (2014)⁶¹	NA	30.9±33	NA	NA	96.90%	NA	43.90
Yapar (2014)⁶¹	NA	12.9±13	NA	NA	78.30%	NA	32.20
Guo (2013)⁴⁹	NA	NA	NA	10 (0–330)*	Treatment before diagnosis confirmation: 74 (27.6%)	NA	36.60
Giri (2013)³⁰	NA	Mean 26.4 (range 9–86) days	NA	NA	66.70%	Mean 19.45 (range 4–31) days	24
Tortorano (2012)³³	NA	NA	NA	22.8 (2–190)*	Broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment: 85%	NA	46.20
Ylipalosaari (2012)³⁴	38.0 (22–59)†	16.0 (11–30)†	1 (0–2)†	8.0 (1.0–12.0)†	Previous antibacterial treatment: 97.4%–95.5%	NA	65.80
Pasero (2011)³⁵	NA	21±7	NA	20 (8–49)†	A significantly higher administration of >2 antibiotics for >72 hours.	NA	47
Han (2010)³⁶	38 (2–141)†	22 (1–141)†	8 (0–92)†	17 (0–117)*	All patients were treated with antibiotics prior to candidaemia onset.	16 (1–92)*	96.00
Pratikaki (2011)³⁷	NA	25 (14–46)†	14 (1–20)†	10 (3–22)†	All patients received antimicrobial agents prior to candidaemia onset.	NA	60.60
Playford (2009)³⁸	NA	NA	NA	10 (4–16)†	Antibiotic receipt on days 1–3: 83.4%	NA	10.60
Playford (2009)³⁸	NA	NA	NA	10 (4–16)†	Broad-spectrum antibiotic receipt on days 1–3: 82.0%	NA	10.60
Holley (2009)³⁹	NA	C. albicans: 29.0±18.5	NA	NA	All patients received antimicrobial agents prior to candidaemia onset.	C. albicans: 13 (median)	C. albicans: 52.9
Holley (2009)³⁹	NA	Non-C. albicans: 29.2±28.2	NA	NA		Non-C. albicans: 15 (median)	Non-C. albicans: 64.7
Choi (2009)⁴⁰	Prior to fungaemia	C. albicans: 19±41	NA	C. albicans: 11±25	NA	NA	C. albicans: 48
	C. albicans: 42±47	Non-C. albicans: 25±50		Non-C. albicans: 15±31			Non-C. albicans: 67
	Non-C. albicans: 38±33
Yap (2009)⁵⁰	28 (17–54)†	14 (5–23)†	NA	6 (1–13)†	Antibiotics >48 hours before candidaemia:	NA	70
					C. albicans: 70 (97.0%)
					Non-C. albicans: 56 (100%)
Chow (2008)⁴¹	C. albicans: 28 (20–42)†	C. albicans: 22 (15–33)†	NA	C. albicans: 11 (9–17)†	Non-C. albicans: 0.75 (0–2)†	2.21 (1.4–2.7)†	C. albicans: 58
Chow (2008)⁴¹	Non-C. albicans: 37 (24–57)†	Non-C. albicans: 25 (14–40)†	NA	Non-C. albicans: 10 (4–21)†	Non-C. albicans: 0.75 (0–2)†	2.21 (1.4–2.7)†	Non-C. albicans: 57
Bougnoux (2008)⁴²	NA	43.1±45.2	NA	19.0±2.9 or (13.0; 2–145)†	No antibiotic treatment is reported.	NA	61.80
Girão (2008)⁴³	NA	NA	NA	C. albicans: 15 (mean)	The hospital restricted the use of several antibiotics.	NA	C. albicans: 72
Girão (2008)⁴³	NA	NA	NA	Non-C. albicans: 18 (mean)	The hospital restricted the use of several antibiotics.	NA	Non-C. albicans: 80
Dimopoulos (2008)⁴⁴	C. albicans: 22±7.6	NA	NA	C. albicans: 12±2.2	100% of patients received broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment for >3 days during the ICU stay.	NA	C. albicans: 52.8
Dimopoulos (2008)⁴⁴	Non-C. albicans: 25±8.4	NA	NA	Non-C. albicans: 10±2.4		NA	Non-C. albicans: 90
Dimopoulos (2007)⁴⁵	NA	NA	NA	9 (5–11)*	100% of patients received broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment	NA	NA
Jordà-Marcos (2007)⁶²	48 (26–69)	28 (17–45)	NA	23.5±54.7	100%	NA	17.20
Jordà-Marcos (2007)⁶²	35 (22–57)	18 (12–28)	NA	23.5±54.7	96.50%	NA	13.20
Piazza (2003)⁶³	NA	N/A	NA	Median 13 days	NA	NA	67
Michalopoulos (2003) ⁴⁶	NA	27.1±7.5	NA	15 (11–23)*	Empiric antibiotic therapy with two or more broad-spectrum agents for all patients.	NA	NA

*Data are presented as median (range).

†Data are presented as median (IQR).

CRCBSI, catheter-related bloodstream Candida infection; Flu-R, fluconazole-resistant; Flu-S, fluconazole-sensitive; IC, invasive candidiasis; ICU, intensive care unit; NA, not available.