Table 3.
Summary of length of hospital stay, length of ICU stay, duration of ICU admission and hospital stay prior to candidaemia onset, and overall mortality in the overall or given subgroups‡§
| Comparison | Length of hospital stay (days) | Length of ICU stay (days) | Duration of ICU admission prior to candidaemia onset (days) | Length of hospital stay prior to ICU admission (days) | Overall mortality |
| Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Rate (95% CI) | |
| Overall | 36.3 (25.8 to 46.7) | 25.8 (23.6 to 28.1) | 12.9 (11.7 to 14.2) | 11.7 (0.4 to 23.1) | 49.3 (45.0 to 53.5) |
| Overall optional*† | 37.5 (33.3 to 41.6)* | 25.9 (23.5 to 28.3)* | 13.7 (12.5 to 15.0)† | － | 51.0 (46.6 to 55.4)† |
| Subgroups | |||||
| Type of study | |||||
| Prospective | 41.0 (32.9 to 49.1) | 27.4 (24.6 to 30.3) | 12.9 (11.5 to 14.4) | 19.2 (17.2 to 21.3) | 42.7 (37.9 to 47.4) |
| Retrospective/cross-sectional | 31.9 (18.2 to 45.5) | 23.9 (21.1 to 26.6) | 13.7 (11.2 to 16.2) | 7.4 (−3.7 to 18.4) | 56.5 (48.0 to 65.0) |
| Presence of neutropaenia | |||||
| Neutropaenia | 34.9 (19.8 to 50.1) | 25.4 (19.3 to 31.5) | 11.6 (9.5 to 13.8) | － | 49.6 (40.8 to 58.3) |
| Non-neutropaenia | 22.9 (20.9 to 25.0) | － | 10.0 (9.3 to 10.7) | － | 41.3 (7.9 to 74.7) |
| Type of ICU | |||||
| ICU | 37.7 (21.7 to 53.7) | 27.3 (24.9 to 29.7) | 14.3 (5.7 to 6.0) | 17.2 (11.9 to 22.4) | 49.8 (44.3 to 55.3) |
| SICU | － | 21.7 (19.5 to 23.9) | 17.3 (11.9 to 22.7) | － | 33.1 (15.2 to 51.1) |
| MICU | － | 32.7 (10.3 to 55.2) | 17.0 (16.2 to 17.8) | － | 88.4 (72.8 to 104.1) |
| MICU+SICU | 34.6 (28.2 to 41.1) | 22.5 (18.4 to 26.6) | 10.9 (9.6 to 12.3) | － | 45.7 (36.4 to 55.0) |
| Candida albicans | |||||
| C. albicans | 34.2 (33.1 to 35.3) | 25.9 (22.3 to 29.5) | 11.0 (10.7 to 11.3) | － | 52.2 (40.0 to 64.4) |
| Non-C. albicans | 27.0 (24.3 to 29.8) | 25.0 (18.0 to 31.9) | － | － | － |
| Presence of IC/candidaemia | |||||
| Candidaemia | 36.3 (32.9 to 39.8) | 25.8 (23.2 to 28.3) | 13.2 (12.0 to 14.5) | 10.8 (−2.0 to 23.6) | 51.4 (47.1 to 55.8) |
| IC | 33.9 (−3.7 to 71.4) | 26.4 (20.7 to 32.1) | 11.5 (7.7 to 15.3) | － | 38.9 (27.8 to 50.1) |
| Region(s) | |||||
| Asia | 36.9 (23.0 to 50.8) | 25.0 (20.9 to 29.0) | 17.4 (14.6 to 20.2) | 19.3 (17.2 to 21.4) | 51.2 (44.7 to 57.7) |
| Europe/USA/Australia | 33.3 (20.8 to 45.8) | 27.7 (23.3 to 32.1) | 18.5 (15.3 to 21.7) | 9.6 (−1.2 to 20.4) | 48.6 (42.4 to 54.7) |
| South America | － | － | 45.8 (27.8 to 63.7)¶ | － | 54.4 (38.0 to 70.7) |
Certain subgroups have only one study (df=0).
Dash indicates no available data.
‡The range of 95% CI is related to the accuracy of the estimation. The narrower the range, the higher the accuracy of the estimation. If both the upper and lower limits are positive, the clinical outcome estimate for the group of participants is positive; if the lower limit is negative and the upper limit is positive, it indicates that the clinical outcome estimate for the type of participants is not significantly greater than 0.
§Meta-regression is used to assess the relationship between study-level covariates and effect size when obvious heterogeneity exists in subgroups.
¶Meta-regression analysis illustrated South American patients had significantly longer duration of ICU admission prior to candidaemia onset than their counterparts in Asia, Australia, Europe and North America (using Asia as the reference group, for South America: β=25.83, p=0.0308, R2=0.097). Other meta-regression analyses in subgroups in this table did not reach statistical significance.
IC, invasive candidiasis; ICU, intensive care unit; MICU, medical intensive care unit; SICU, surgical intensive care unit.