Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants
| Characteristic | non-HDLc/HDLc (tertile) | F/x2 | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (n = 287) |
T2 (n = 286) |
T3 (n = 266) |
|||
| Male | 137 (47.7) | 148 (51.8) | 170 (63.9) | 15.629 | < 0.001 |
| Age (years) | 64.8 ± 10.0 | 63.2 ± 9.4 | 62.7 ± 10.2 | 3.575 | 0.028 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.54 ± 3.63 | 25.81 ± 2.99 | 26.05 ± 3.20 | 1.612 | 0.200 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 140.08 ± 15.55 | 140.91 ± 13.34 | 139.80 ± 16.01 | 0.411 | 0.663 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 86.87 ± 9.17 | 87.99 ± 8.78 | 87.38 ± 9.62 | 1.051 | 0.350 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 6.27 ± 1.87 | 6.41 ± 2.03 | 6.84 ± 2.48 | 5.208 | 0.006 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.13 (0.84–1.42) | 1.54 (1.19–2.00) | 2.25 (1.60–3.00) | 2.348 | < 0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.27 ± 0.82 | 4.78 ± 0.78 | 5.22 ± 0.92 | 88.790 | < 0.001 |
| LDLc (mmol/L) | 2.14 ± 0.58 | 2.70 ± 0.67 | 2.93 ± 0.81 | 96.581 | < 0.001 |
| HDLc (mmol/L) | 1.56 ± 0.35 | 1.25 ± 0.22 | 1.03 ± 0.19 | 287.603 | < 0.001 |
| non-HDLc (mmol/L) | 2.71 ± 0.64 | 3.53 ± 0.59 | 4.19 ± 0.78 | 337.441 | < 0.001 |
| non-HDLc/HDLc | 1.78 ± 0.41 | 2.84 ± 0.29 | 4.10 ± 0.61 | 1810.918 | < 0.001 |
| HCY (μmol/L) | 9.0 (6.0–13.0) | 9.5 (7.0–12.4) | 9.3 (6.5–13.0) | 2.350 | 0.422 |
| Urban | 179 (62.4) | 147 (51.4) | 102 (38.4) | 31.908 | < 0.001 |
| Education | 18.664 | 0.005 | |||
| Primary school or under | 125 (43.6) | 101 (35.3) | 81 (30.5) | ||
| Middle or high school | 132 (45.9) | 157 (54.9) | 152 (57.1) | ||
| College or above | 14 (4.9) | 18 (6.3) | 26 (9.8) | ||
| Not reported | 16 (5.6) | 10 (3.5) | 7 (2.6) | ||
| Employment status | 9.479 | 0.050 | |||
| Unemployed | 81 (28.2) | 95 (33.2) | 107 (40.2) | ||
| Employed | 169 (58.9) | 158 (55.3) | 135 (50.8) | ||
| Not reported | 37 (12.9) | 33 (11.5) | 24 (9.0) | ||
| Overweight | 131 (45.6) | 132 (46.2) | 137 (51.5) | 2.303 | 0.316 |
| Smoking | 96 (33.5) | 117 (40.9) | 129 (48.5) | 12.948 | 0.002 |
| Lack of exercise | 156 (54.4) | 163 (57.0) | 143 (53.8) | 0.671 | 0.715 |
| Family history of stroke | 60 (20.9) | 62 (21.7) | 54 (20.3) | 0.159 | 0.924 |
| History of stroke | 67 (23.3) | 60 (21.0) | 49 (18.4) | 2.019 | 0.364 |
| History of TIA | 13 (4.5) | 17 (5.9) | 9 (3.4) | 2.053 | 0.358 |
| Heart diseases | 79 (27.5) | 65 (22.7) | 60 (22.6) | 2.447 | 0.294 |
| Hypertension | 260 (90.6) | 248 (86.7) | 227 (85.3) | 3.827 | 0.148 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 81 (28.2) | 83 (29.0) | 92 (34.6) | 3.092 | 0.213 |
| Current antilipidaemic medication | 31 (10.8) | 26 (9.1) | 32 (12.0) | 1.273 | 0.529 |
| High HCY | 42 (14.6) | 39 (13.6) | 50 (18.8) | 3.103 | 0.212 |
| Carotid plaques | 108 (37.6) | 108 (37.8) | 125 (47.0) | 6.509 | 0.039 |
T1, non-HDLc/HDLc: 0.41–2.35; T2, non-HDLc/HDLc: 2.36–3.36; T3, non-HDLc/HDLc: 3.37–5.98. Continuous data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile), and categorical data are shown as n (%). For categorical variables, P value was calculated by χ2 or Fisher’s exact test. For continuous variables, P value was calculated by one-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test
BMI body mass index, SBP systolic pressure, DBP diastolic pressure, FBG fasting blood glucose, TG triglyceride, TC total cholesterol, LDLc low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDLc high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-HDLc non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HCY homocysteine