Table 1.
Baseline characteristic of participants according to different BP patterns diagnosed by criterion A
| Total (N = 1714) | NT (N = 672) | WCH (N = 81) | MH (N + (N = 529) | SH (N = 432) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 48.9 ± 13.8 | 46.7 ± 14.4 | 53.1 ± 14.4a | 49.9 ± 12.8ab | 50.0 ± 13.3ab | < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 974 (56.8%) | 321 (47.8%) | 38 (46.9%) | 318 (60.1%)ab | 297 (68.8%)abc | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.6 ± 3.9 | 23.9 ± 3.6 | 25.0 ± 4.0a | 24.8 ± 3.8a | 25.6 ± 4.1ac | < 0.001 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 623 (36.8%) | 188 (28.2%) | 24 (30.8%) | 213 (40.7%)a | 198 (46.7%)abc | < 0.001 |
| DM, n (%) | 366 (24.7%) | 94 (16.5%) | 18 (26.1%)a | 123 (26.9%)a | 131 (34.2%)abc | < 0.001 |
| CVD history, n (%) | 155 (9.0%) | 41 (6.1%) | 12 (14.8%) | 55 (10.4%) | 47 (10.9%) | 0.004 |
| Anti-hypertension, n (%) treatment | 1245 (76.7%) | 380 (61.8%) | 66 (85.7%)a | 422 (81.8%)a | 377 (90.8%)ac | < 0.001 |
| Causes of CKD* | < 0.001 | |||||
| DKD | 212 (12.4%) | 35 (5.2%) | 11 (13.6%)a | 73 (13.8%)a | 93 (21.5%)abc | |
| GN | 1048 (61.1%) | 489 (72.8%) | 40 (49.4%)a | 313 (59.2%)a | 206 (47.7%)ac | |
| Others | 442 (25.8%) | 144 (21.4%) | 29 (35.8%)a | 140 (26.5%) | 129 (29.9%)a | |
| ALB (g/L) | 38.3 ± 7.4 | 38.7 ± 7.2 | 39.4 ± 5.2 | 38.2 ± 7.6 | 37.7 ± 7.9a | 0.1 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 4.9 (4.4, 5.6) | 4.8 (4.3, 5.4) | 5.0 (4.5, 5.5) | 4.9 (4.4, 5.7)a | 5.0 (4.5, 5.9)a | 0.004 |
| HGB (g/L) | 126.5 ± 22.4 | 127.7 ± 19.55 | 121.9 ± 22.2a | 126.3 ± 24.2 | 125.7 ± 24.5 | 0.1 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.8 (1.2, 2.5) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.4) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.4) | 1.9 (1.3, 2.6)a | 1.9 (1.3, 2.6)a | 0.004 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.7 (3.9, 5.7) | 4.7 (3.9, 5.7) | 4.6 (3.8, 5.5) | 4.7 (3.9, 5.6) | 4.7 (3.9, 5.7) | 0.8 |
| HDLC (mmol/L) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.3)a | 1.1 (0.9, 1.2)a | 0.001 |
| LDLC (mmol/L) | 2.6 (2.1, 3.2) | 2.6 (2.1, 3.2) | 2.6 (2.1, 3.2) | 2.5 (2.1, 3.2) | 2.7 (2.2, 3.3) | 0.5 |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 98 (141, 198) | 116.0 (80.0, 164.2) | 153.0 (106.7, 218.4)a | 151.0 (108.0, 204.5)a | 167.0 (122.0, 243.2)ac | < 0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 52.2 ± 30.1 | 62.9 ± 32.7 | 43.3 ± 24.3a | 48.2 ± 28.2a | 42.2 ± 23.3ac | < 0.001 |
| 24 h-Upro (g/L) | 1.0 (0.4, 2.4) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.5) | 1.0 (0.4, 2.9)a | 1.1 (0.4, 2.5)a | 1.8 (0.8, 3.5)abc | < 0.001 |
| CKD stages, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| 1 | 256 (14.9%) | 174 (25.9%) | 5 (6.2%)a | 55 (10.4%)a | 22 (5.1%)ac | |
| 2 | 305 (17.8%) | 144 (21.4%) | 11 (13.6%) | 90 (17.0%) | 60 (13.9%)a | |
| 3 | 676 (39.5%) | 228 (33.9%) | 36 (44.4%) | 220 (41.6%)a | 192 (44.5%)a | |
| 4 | 477 (27.8%) | 126 (18.8%) | 29 (35.8%)a | 164 (31.0%)a | 158 (36.6%)a |
* The diagnosis was made mainly basing on medical history and clinical features, with only 578 patients having renal biopsy confirmation. Among them, 513 patients were diagnosed as GN. IgAN constituted the majority of GN group (54.2%), following by mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (32.2%) and membranous nephropathy (10.5%). Others group included hypertensive nephropathy, tubulointerstitial nephritis, and cause unknown etc
aP < 0.05 comparison with NT
bP < 0.05 comparison with WCH
cP < 0.05 comparison with MH