Table 2.
Practices and Beliefs of High-Performing Clinical Pharmacists (n = 85).
| Question | Response, n (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| How do you typically communicate with providers? (Select all that apply), n = 85 | ||
| Fax | 78 (92%) | |
| Phone | 83 (98%) | |
| 5 (6%) | ||
| Face-to-face | 4 (5%) | |
| Other | 6 (7%) | |
| How do you normally communicate with patients? (Select all that apply), n = 85 | ||
| Fax | 4 (5%) | |
| Phone | 80 (94%) | |
| 7 (8%) | ||
| Face-to-face | 82 (96%) | |
| Other (please specify) | 1 (1%) | |
| How do you hope that the information provided by you will be used by providers? (Select all that apply), n = 85 | ||
| Change in therapy to resolve drug-drug interaction | 79 (93%) | |
| Adding therapy indicated by guidelines to optimize patient care | 76 (89%) | |
| Decrease/increase in dose of medications based on patient response (laboratories, vitals, adverse effects, etc) | 76 (89%) | |
| Change in therapy based on insurance coverage | 78 (92%) | |
| Other (please specify) | 6 (7%) | |
| Preparedness to participate | Mediana | IQR |
| Pharmacists are sufficiently trained to participate in HIE networks, n = 85 | 2 | 2 |
| Pharmacists have the skills to participate in HIE networks, n = 85 | 5 | 1 |
| Pharmacists should be included in the exchange of patient health information, n = 85 | 5 | 1 |
| Pharmacist-provided patient information gathered from the community pharmacy is vital to a primary care physician when making decisions on a patient’s course of therapy, n = 85 | 5 | 1 |
| I want to be part of the HIE network, n = 85 | 5 | 1 |
| I am willing to take on more responsibility to participate in HIE networks, n = 85 | 4 | 1 |
| I am confident in my abilities to provide enhanced patient care as part of an HIE network, n = 85 | 4 | 1 |
| I have the support from staff and administrators necessary to provide enhanced patient care as part of an HIE network, n = 85 | 3 | 1 |
| Relationships with other health care providers | Mediana | IQR |
| Physicians respect the profession of pharmacy, n = 85 | 4 | 1 |
| Physicians are willing to work with community pharmacists to provide enhanced patient care, n = 85 | 4 | 1 |
| Physicians often accept recommendations provided by community pharmacists, n = 85 | 3 | 1 |
| Physicians are willing to share patient information with community pharmacists, n = 85 | 4 | 1 |
| Physicians are willing to work closely with community pharmacists, n = 85 | 3 | 1 |
| I have strong relationships with local physicians, n = 85 | 3 | 1 |
| Relationship with the patient | Mediana | IQR |
| Patients respect the profession of pharmacy, n = 85 | 4 | 1 |
| Patients often accept recommendations provided by community pharmacists, n = 85 | 4 | 1 |
| Patients are willing to work closely with community pharmacists, n = 85 | 4 | 1 |
| Patients have a desire to have their information shared between health care providers, n = 84b | 4 | 2 |
| Patients accurately communicate pharmacists’ recommendations to physicians/providers, n = 85 | 3 | 1 |
| I have strong relationships with my patients, n = 84b | 4 | 1 |
| Barriers to an HIE | Mediana | IQR |
| There is a lack of time to participate in an HIE network, n = 84b | 4 | 2 |
| I feel that I have a lack of access to an HIE, n = 85 | 4 | 0 |
| I do not have adequate opportunities to review patient information in a patient chart, n = 85 | 4 | 0 |
| My level of knowledge is not adequate to provide benefit in HIE usage, n = 85 | 2 | 1 |
| Physicians do not want my input, n = 83b | 3 | 2 |
| Patients do not want my input, n = 84b | 2 | 1 |
| HIE network participation is outside of a pharmacist’s scope of practice, n = 85 | 2 | 1 |
| Reimbursement for cognitive patient care services is not adequate, n = 84b | 4 | 1 |
| Bad past experiences prevent me from wanting to participate in an HIE network, n = 84b | 2 | 1 |
| There are not enough support staff to help free up pharmacists’ time, n = 84b | 4 | 1 |
| Support staff are not optimally utilized to help free up pharmacists’ time, n = 85 | 4 | 1 |
| I am not educated on the security or privacy of an HIE network, n = 84b | 3 | 2 |
| I am not knowledgeable of the patient consent process as it relates to HIE and Ohio law, n = 84b | 3 | 1 |
| I do not want to leave my workflow to log into another portal, n = 85 | 4 | 1 |
| I am unsure of whether I need to obtain patient permission to access their information in an HIE network, n = 85 | 3 | 2 |
| I am concerned that the information within a patient profile will not be complete (there will be missing data), n = 85 | 4 | 1 |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; HIE, health information exchange.
a
Median and IQR based on 5 point Likert-type scale (5 = Strongly Agree, 1 = Strongly Disagree).
b
Not all pharmacist respondents answered this question.