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. 2019 Aug 13;10(5):611–618. doi: 10.1177/2192568219868190

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© The Author(s) 2019

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 3. — Overview of algorithm workflow for automatic lumbar lordosis angle calculation. (A) The raw radiograph is captured and preprocessed. Bony segmentation is generated from the raw radiograph with the trained U-Net. The L1 and S1 slopes are identified from the segmented image with a computer vision algorithm. (B) Overlay of the L1 and S1 slopes on the raw radiograph demonstrates proper slope placement and accurate angle estimation.