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Modes of development initiation in asexual vertebrates. Eggs may (a) develop without any contribution from sperm during parthenogenesis, (b) have sperm initiate development during gynogenesis, or (c) develop after sperm activation and paternal genetic complement inclusion during hybridogenesis, such that only the maternal genome is clonally transmitted. Modeled after Avise, (2008), Laskowski et al., (2019), and Neaves & Baumann, (2011)
