Fig. 2.

Novel IL-1 blockers used in clinical trials for cancer therapy. Xilonix, an IL-1α True Human monoclonal antibody, and canakinumab and P2D7KK, IL-1β human monoclonal antibodies, bind to specific regions on their targets, preventing the agonists’ binding to IL-1RI, thus inhibiting downstream signaling. Nidanilimab and CSC012, antibodies specific for IL-1RAP, prevent it from forming the heterotrimeric signaling complex. Lastly, anakinra and IP-1050 are synthetic IL-1Ra agents that compete with the agonists for binding to IL-1RI, thus attenuating the IL-1 signaling system