Table 2. Diagnostic test results and FGS prevalence in 603 Zambian women living in S. haematobium endemic areas near the Zambezi river.

Characteristics	Overall (n = 603) % (n)	Community-A (n = 319) % (n)	Community-B (n = 284) % (n)	p-value
Hematuria	28.7 (173)	31.0 (99)	26.1 (74)	0.2
Urine Microscopy	5.5 (33/603)	8.2 (26/319)	2.5 (7/284)	0.002
Median egg count per 15mL‡	18	17.5	18
IQR	5–35	5–35	8–90
Urine CAA*	15.1 (91/601)	20.5 (65/317)	9.2 (26/284)	<0.001
Median pg/mL‡	9.10	11.46	5.93
IQR	2.2–58.6	2.3–42.1	2.2–112.0
Urine PCR*	4.3 (26/601)	6.3 (20/317)	2.1 (6/284)	0.012
Median Ct‡	29.6	30.2	29.3
IQR	27.8–33.5	26.4–34.9	29.0–32.7
Active schistosome Infection* [any urine test positive]	15.6 (94/601)	21.1 (67/317)	9.5 (27/284)	<0.001
PCR–CVL†	2.7 (14/527)	3.8 (11/290)	1.3 (3/237)	0.06**
Median Ct‡	34.6	35.3	33.2
IQR	33.0–37.0	33.0–37.0	21.0–38.0
PCR–Cervical Swab	3.3 (20/603)	4.4 (14/319)	2.1 (6/284)	0.12
Median Ct‡	35.3	35.8	33.3
IQR	29.6–37.1	29.4–37.2	29.7–36.3
PCR–Vaginal Swab	2.5 (15/603)	2.5 (8/319)	2.5 (7/284)	0.97
Median Ct‡	34.3	35.4	32.2
IQR	23.6–37.1	30.6–37.2	23.2–35.2
Any PCR Positive Sample††	5.7 (30/529)	7.6 (22/291)	3.4 (8/238)	0.02
PCR positive–Vaginal or Cervical Swab	4.0 (24/603)	5.3 (17/319)	2.5 (7/284)	0.07

*2 urine vials arrived at LUMC empty (n = 601)

** Calculated by Fisher’s exact (otherwise by chi-squared)

^† 527 women presented for CVL– 290 Community-A and 237 Community-B

^‡ Median egg count, CAA concentrations and PCR Ct-value restricted to positive tests

^††One participant from each of Site-1 and Site-2 had positive self-collected PCR specimens but did not present to clinic (n = 529)

Abbreviations: CAA—Circulating Anodic Antigen, CVL–Cervicovaginal Lavage, PCR–Polymerase Chain Reaction for the detection of Schistosoma DNA