Table 4. Sub-analysis of sensitivity and specificity of self-collected genital swabs compared with cervicovaginal lavage for the detection of Schistosoma DNA in participants with positive urine specimens: CAA(n = 78), microscopy (n = 32), PCR (n = 26).
| Reference test | Index test | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Urine CAA | |||
|
Cervicovaginal lavage PCR |
Vaginal swab PCR | 50.0 [4/8] (15.7–84.3) |
90.0 [63/70] (80.5–95.9) |
| Cervical swab PCR | 62.5 [5/8] (24.5–91.5) |
87.1 [61/70] (77.0–93.9) |
|
| Vaginal or cervical swab PCR | 87.5 [7/8] (47.3–99.7) |
85.7 [60/70] (75.3–92.9) |
|
| Urine Microscopy | |||
| Cervicovaginal lavage PCR | Vaginal swab PCR | 55.6 [5/9] (21.2–86.3) |
73.9 [17/23] (51.6–89.3) |
| Cervical swab PCR | 66.7 [6/9] (29.9–92.5) |
56.5 [13/23] (34.5–76.8) |
|
| Vaginal or cervical swab PCR | 88.9 [8/9] (51.8–99.7) |
56.5 [13/23] (34.5–76.8) |
|
| Urine PCR | |||
| Cervicovaginal lavage PCR | Vaginal swab PCR | 55.6 [5/9] (21.2–86.3) |
70.6 [12/17] (44.0–89.7) |
| Cervical swab PCR | 66.7 [6/9] (29.9–92.5) |
47.1 [8/17] (23.0–72.2) |
|
| Vaginal or cervical swab PCR | 88.9 [8/9] (51.8–99.7) |
47.1 ([8/17] 23.0–72.2) |
|
| Active Schistosome Infection (Urine positive for PCR, CAA, or Microscopy) | |||
| Cervicovaginal lavage PCR | Vaginal swab PCR | 55.6 [5/9] (21.2–86.3) |
90.3 [65/72] (81.0–96.0) |
| Cervical swab PCR | 66.7 [6/9] (29.9–92.5) |
86.1 [62/72] (75.9–93.1) |
|
| Vaginal or cervical swab PCR | 88.9 [8/9] (51.8–99.7) |
84.7 [61/72] (74.3–92.1) |
|