Table 1. Agreement with stigmatization components according to adolescents’ smoking status and sociodemographic status, SILNE R, 2016, percentage and chi-square test.
| Covariates | Think less of a smoker | Think smokers are losers | Think people would not date a smoker | Think people would not hire a smoker as a babysitter | Sample total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % agreeing | χ2 | % agreeing | χ2 | % agreeing | χ2 | % agreeing | χ2 | % | N | |
| All | 52.80% | 31.40% | 56.10% | 78.50% | 12712 | |||||
| Smoking Status | ||||||||||
| Non-smokers | ||||||||||
| Had tried | 56.4 | 102.7** | 34.9 | 141.2** | 61.2 | 255.9** | 82.5 | 308.2** | 65.7 | 8177 |
| Had tried | 49.2 | 28.3 | 51.1 | 74.5 | 11.8 | 1475 | ||||
| Experimenter | 45.2 | 24.8 | 48.4 | 74.7 | 5.9 | 735 | ||||
| Ex-smokers | 46.0 | 26.4 | 44 | 75.5 | 4.9 | 605 | ||||
| Weekly | 46.8 | 21.7 | 44.3 | 67.2 | 4.4 | 546 | ||||
| Daily | 45.4 | 21.1 | 41.9 | 60.7 | 7.3 | 912 | ||||
| Power variables: | ||||||||||
| STP score per school | ||||||||||
| Under 5 | 51.5 | 59.4** | 27.5 | 40.0** | 56.8 | 60.3** | 78.3 | 28.2** | 18.9 | 2449 |
| 5 to 7 | 56.7 | 34.2 | 59.5 | 80.5 | 42.9 | 5577 | ||||
| Over 7 | 49.3 | 30.3 | 52.0 | 76.2 | 38.2 | 4965 | ||||
| % of at least weekly smokers in the school | ||||||||||
| Under 5% | 59.4 | 258.4** | 44.2 | 750.3** | 67 | 687.1** | 87.6 | 435.8** | 22.7 | 2947 |
| 5% to 10% | 59.9 | 40.6 | 66.8 | 84.1 | 28.9 | 3755 | ||||
| 10% to 20% | 46.2 | 19.1 | 41.8 | 70.5 | 32.9 | 4273 | ||||
| Over 20% | 44.0 | 21.5 | 50.3 | 71.1 | 15.5 | 2016 | ||||
| Peers who smoked at least weekly | ||||||||||
| No friends who smoked | 55.2 | 99.7** | 33.7 | 107.8** | 59.0 | 148.9** | 81.0 | 188.2** | 76.7 | 9961 |
| <50% of friends who smoked | 47.1 | 25.9 | 49.0 | 73.1 | 13.4 | 1744 | ||||
| > = 50% of friends smoking | 42.4 | 21.3 | 43.5 | 65.8 | 9.9 | 1286 | ||||
| Academic performance | ||||||||||
| Low | 54.1 | 63.1** | 29.0 | 8.1* | 51.1 | 55.8** | 74.9 | 30.2** | 20.0 | 2548 |
| Medium | 56.5 | 32.1 | 54.9 | 78.3 | 39.2 | 4987 | ||||
| High | 48.7 | 31.9 | 59.7 | 80.3 | 40.8 | 5198 | ||||
| Parents’ education | ||||||||||
| Low | 45.1 | 168.4** | 27.7 | 51.1** | 48.8 | 147.2** | 74.8 | 63.8** | 34.1 | 4433 |
| Medium | 58.0 | 32.3 | 60.4 | 81.3 | 43.9 | 5708 | ||||
| High | 54.7 | 35.5 | 59.2 | 78.7 | 20.5 | 2661 | ||||
| Unknown | 55.8 | 34.9 | 53 | 72.8 | 1.5 | 189 | ||||
| Confounders | ||||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | 55.9 | 46.9** | 34.7 | 62.4** | 57.1 | 4.7* | 78.5 | 0.0 | 49.7 | 6450 |
| Female | 49.9 | 28.2 | 55.2 | 78.5 | 50.3 | 6515 | ||||
| Age group | ||||||||||
| 12–14 | 54.1 | 9.4* | 37.3 | 149.7** | 60.8 | 87.3** | 83.9 | 190.3** | 32.6 | 4230 |
| 15 | 51.2 | 31.6 | 56.4 | 79.1 | 39.9 | 5179 | ||||
| 16+ | 53.7 | 24.3 | 50.2 | 71.0 | 27.5 | 3564 | ||||
| Cities | ||||||||||
| Dublin (IE) | 55.9 | 2286** | 40.9 | 1480** | 65.9 | 1086** | 84.5 | 524.0** | 16.3 | 2120 |
| Tampere (FI) | 33.7 | 62.8 | 75.9 | 88 | 13.3 | 1733 | ||||
| Amersfoort (NL) | 81 | 34.9 | 65.4 | 81.1 | 14.3 | 1858 | ||||
| Latina (IT) | 14.2 | 21.9 | 44.8 | 74.9 | 15.3 | 1982 | ||||
| Coimbra (PT) | 54.7 | 14.4 | 29.7 | 63.6 | 14.3 | 1862 | ||||
| Namur (BE) | 60.9 | 13.4 | 50.5 | 71.7 | 14.9 | 1939 | ||||
| Hanover (DE) | 73.4 | 34.7 | 62.8 | 87.5 | 11.5 | 1497 | ||||
* P-value < 0.05;
**P-value < 0.001
Countries were ranked according to their implementation of tobacco control policies, the highest scores being those of Ireland (70), Finland (60), the Netherlands (53), Italy (51), and Portugal (50) and the lowest being those of Belgium (49) and Germany (37).