Table 4. Stigma and the smoking environment at school among adolescents in seven European cities: Multilevel linear regression stratified by school SES status, SILNE R study 2016.
| Stigmatization | Low-SES schools Model 2 | High-SES schools Model 2 |
|---|---|---|
| β (StdErr) | β (StdErr) | |
| Smoking status (ref = non-smokers) | ||
| Occasional | -0.034* (0.016) | -0.075** (0.010) |
| Weekly | -0.160** (0.019) | -0.095** (0.015) |
| Mean STP score per school (0–10) | 0.007 (0.012) | 0.002 (0.007) |
| % of weekly smokers in the school | -0.003 (0.002) | -0.001 (0.002) |
| Weekly smoking among peers (%) | -0.046 (0.026) | -0.066* (0.023) |
| Academic performance (ref = high) | ||
| Average | -0.038* (0.014) | -0.017 (0.009) |
| Low | -0.052* (0.017) | -0.034* (0.012) |
| Parents’ education (ref = high) | ||
| Medium | 0.052* (0.017) | 0.034* (0.011) |
| Low | -0.009 (0.015) | 0.023 (0.012) |
| Unknown | 0.043 (0.055) | -0.020 (0.046) |
| School variance component | 0.007 (0.001) | 0.003 (0.000) |
For the linear regression, we determined an average stigma score by adding together all scores for the four Likert items and dividing by four, using only occasional and weekly smokers in these analyses.
* P-value < 0.05;
**P-value < 0.001