Fig. 3.

Biochemical changes in the neonatal lungs after AVR-25 treatment: ( A ) total immune and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and ( B ) total protein content in BAL fluid. After treatment with AVR-25 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (IP) (30 µL), at PN2 and PN4, there is a significant decrease in inflammatory cells as well as total protein in the treated group as compared with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) alone group. ( C ) Individual neutrophil and ( D ) macrophage population in the BAL fluid as evident from cytosmears by differential HEMA staining. Neutrophils are modestly increased while macrophages are robustly increased in the BPD group as compared with room air (RA) controls. After treatment with AVR-25, there is no change in the neutrophil population in both the RA and in the BPD group. However, although the macrophage population did decrease after treatment in the BPD group, it was still higher when compared with RA only or RA + AVR-25 groups. * p  < 0.05, ** p < 0.001, *** p  < 0.0001, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), n  = 5–7.