Table 1.
Basic Characteristics of Normal Glucose Tolerance and Prediabetes Groups
| Variables | Total (n=422) | Glucose Tolerance | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal Glucose Tolerance (n=275) | Prediabetes (n=147) | P value* | ||
| Age (years) | 27.77 ± 7.51 | 26.74 ± 7.05 | 29.68±7.98 | <0.001 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 261 (61.85) | 177 (64.36) | 84 (57.14) | 0.146 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.84 ± 5.69 | 34.64 ± 5.50 | 35.22 ± 6.03 | 0.318 |
| Neck circumference (cm) | 41.96 ± 4.13 | 41.80±4.02 | 42.28 ± 4.34 | 0.319 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 43 (10.19) | 29 (10.55) | 14 (9.52) | 0.741 |
| OSA, n (%) | 257 (60.90) | 151 (54.91) | 106 (72.11) | 0.001 |
| Severe OSA, n (%) | 109 (25.83) | 62 (22.55) | 47 (31.97) | 0.035 |
| AHI (events/h) | 7.70 (2.20–31.98) | 6.00 (1.70–27.20) | 11.20 (3.90–49.90) | 0.001 |
| ODI (events/h) | 14.25 (4.73–41.63) | 11.55 (3.88–30.15) | 23.45 (6.43–62.48) | 0.001 |
| Mean SpO2 (%) | 94.56 ± 3.89 | 94.95 ± 3.29 | 93.87 ± 4.71 | 0.041 |
| LSpO2 (%) | 78.72 ± 15.90 | 80.46 ± 15.02 | 75.38 ± 17.02 | 0.003 |
| TS90 (%) | 0.50 (0.00–6.35) | 0.30 (0.00–3.23) | 1.90 (0.10–17.00) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.61 ± 0.59 | 5.48 ± 0.51 | 5.87 ± 0.65 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.17 ± 0.59 | 4.99 ± 0.43 | 5.50 ± 0.70 | <0.001 |
| 2-h glucose (mmol/L) | 7.23 ± 1.82 | 6.15 ± 1.03 | 9.23 ± 1.17 | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (mU/mL) | 18.83 (12.45–26.30) | 18.01(12.09–25.28) | 20.39 (13.63–27.87) | 0.048 |
| 2-h insulin (mU/mL) | 118.50 (68.81–185.15) | 105.00 (61.59–157.90) | 154.10 (95.21–269.10) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR (μIU·mol·L−2) | 4.20 (2.71–6.10) | 3.99 (2.62–5.82) | 5.05 (3.09–6.93) | 0.001 |
| HOMA-β (IU/mol) | 231.12 (157.71–340.98) | 245.25 (168.33–356.43) | 203.90 (136.74–327.85) | 0.008 |
| ΔI30/ΔG30 (IU/mol) | 28.54 (17.06–46.53) | 34.07 (21.07–53.07) | 20.39 (10.42–31.08) | <0.001 |
| AUC-I180 (μIU/mL·h) | 343.69 (241.47–510.93) | 331.33 (236.64–480.28) | 359.17 (246.20–560.19) | 0.062 |
| DIO (L2/mmol2) | 578.14 (434.76–717.85) | 655.91 (542.36–806.56) | 403.28 (316.25–537.81) | <0.001 |
Notes: Quantitative data are presented as mean ± SD or median with inter-quartile range if variables were not normally distributed. *Normal glucose tolerance vs Prediabetes.
Abbreviations: OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; BMI, body mass index; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; ODI, oxygen desaturation index; Mean SpO2, mean pulse oxygen saturation; LSpO2, lowest pulse oxygen saturation; TS90, percent of total sleep time spent below 90% oxygen saturation; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin A1; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; HOMA-β, homeostasis model assessment-β; ΔI30/ΔG30, the early phase (0 min−30 min) insulinogenic index; AUC-I180, total area under the curve of insulin in 180 minutes; DIO, oral disposition index.