TABLE 1.
Influence of methionine supplementation or restriction on physiologic function in different animals1
| Animal models | Methionine dosage compare with control | Main findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Met supplementation | |||
| IUGR piglets | 30% supplementation | Improves intestinal integrity and oxidative status in weaning piglets | (16) |
| Pregnant sows | 33% supplementation | Increases antioxidant capacity and alters intestinal microbiota of offspring | (17) |
| Broilers | 71% supplementation | Improves growth performance and breast muscle yield | (18) |
| Infected seabass2 | 100% supplementation | Fosters plasma cortisol levels and promotes immune cells proliferation during inflammatory insult | (19) |
| SD hypertensive rats | 120% supplementation | Enhances aortic constriction but decreases responsiveness to acetylcholine, bradykinin, and sodium nitroprusside | (20) |
| Mice | 133% supplementation | Induces atherosclerosis and increases the aortic lesion area | (7) |
| CSE-deficient mice | 400% supplementation | Induces acute lethal hepatitis and splenic atrophy | (21) |
| Met restriction | |||
| Rats | 40% reduction | Decreases mitochondrial oxygen radical production and lowers oxidative damage to proteins and mitochondrial DNA | (22) |
| Rats | 80% reduction | Improves epithelial barrier function by inducing altered tight junctional protein composition | (23) |
| Mice | 80% reduction | Increases energy expenditure by 31% and reduces adiposity by 25% | (24) |
| Mice | 80% reduction | Produces therapeutic responses in colorectal cancer by changing one-carbon metabolism | (25) |
| Mice | 80% reduction | Enhances suppression of hepatic glucose production by insulin; enhances insulin-dependent Akt phosphorylation in the liver; increases hepatic expression and circulating FGF-21 | (26) |
| Mice | 86% reduction | Induces bone marrow fat accretion through the body; decreases cortical bone tissue density; decreases bone tissue density, bone surface, trabecula, bone volume, and trabecular thickness | (27) |
| Mice | 86% reduction | Modulates renal response and attenuates kidney injury | (28) |
1
Methionine supplementation or restriction is compared with the basal dietary in different animals. CSE, cystathionine γ-lyase; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; IUGR, intrauterine growth retardation; SD, Sprague-Dawley.
2
Photobacterium damselae subsp. Piscicida infection.