TABLE 5.
Summary of the individual information extracted from each included randomized clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of probiotics in dairy products on CMD in subjects with hypercholesterolemia1
| Study (ref) | Study design, duration (country) | Gender, age (y) | n (I/PL) | ITT | Intervention (IG) (type of admin.—probiotic strain—CFU/d) | Control group | Compared with | Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | Triglycerides (mmol/L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Added to yogurt matrix | |||||||||||
| Nishiyama et al. (61) | R, DB, CT, PC, 8 wk (Japan) | W, 23 to 66 | 76 (37/39) | No | Yogurt with L. lactis 11/19-B1 and BB-12 (n.d.) | PL yogurt | End vs BL (IG) | ↓0.3 | ↓0.25 | P > 0.05 | — |
| Between interv. | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | — | |||||||
| Ivey et al. (62) | R, DB, CT, PC, 6 wk (Australia) | M and W, ≥55 | 156 (40/37) (39/40) | No | I1. Yogurt with L. acidophilus La5, B. lactis BB12 + Capsules with L. acidophilus La5, B. lactis BB12 (3 × 109) | Milk + PL capsules | End vs BL (I1) | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 |
| I2. Yogurt with L. acidophilus La5, B. lactis BB12 (3 × 109) + PL capsules | Milk + PL capsules | End vs BL (I2) | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | |||||
| I3. Milk + Capsules with L. acidophilus La5, B. lactis BB12 (3 × 109) | Milk + PL capsules | End vs BL (I3) | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | |||||
| Between interv. (I1 vs I3) | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | |||||||
| Mohamadshahi et al. (45) | R, DB, CT, PC, 8 wk (Iran) | M and W, ≈51 | 42 (21/21) | No | Yogurt with L. acidophilus La-5, B. lactis BB-12 (3.7 × 106) | PL yogurt | End vs BL (IG) | ↓0.67 | ↓0.79 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 |
| Between interv. P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | -0.61 | +0.89 | P > 0.05 | |||||||
| Added to FD matrix | |||||||||||
| Sperry et al. (63) | R, DB, PC, PG, 28 d (Brazil) | W, 35 to 72 | 30 (15/15) | No | Cheese with L. casei 01 (1 × 108) | PL cheese | End vs BL (IG) | ↓0.32 | ↓0.28 | ↑0.14 | ↓0.13 |
| Between interv. | +0.09 | −0.12 | +0.1 | −0.05 | |||||||
| Naito et al. (50) | R, DB, PC, PG, 8 wk (Japan) | M and W, 20 to 64 | 100 (50/50) | No | FM with L. casei Shirota YIT 9029. (>1.0 × 1011) | PL non-FM | End vs BL (IG) | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 |
| Between interv. | −7.5 | −6.0 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | |||||||
n = 5. The difference between interventions was calculated by performing subtraction of the difference between end and baseline of each intervention. (End vs BL) indicated the difference between end and baseline of intervention group. If the result was statistically significant, the difference was shown; if the result was statistically nonsignificant a P > 0.05 was shown. Admin., administration; BL, baseline; CG, control group; CMD, cardiometabolic disease; CT, controlled trial; DB, double-blind; FD, fermented dairy; FM, fermented milk; IG, intervention group; ITT, intention-to-treat; M, men; n.d., no data; PC, placebo-controlled; PG, parallel-group; PL, placebo; R, randomized; ref, reference; W, women; —, indicates that the study does not evaluate this parameter.