TABLE 9.
Summary of the individual information extracted from each included randomized clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of probiotics in powder or capsules on CMD in subjects with hypercholesterolemia1
| Significant results | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study (ref) | Study design, duration (country) | Gender, age (years) | n (I/PL) | ITT | Intervention (CFU/d) (IG) (type of admin.—probiotic strain—CFU/d) | Control group | Compared with | Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | Triglycerides (mmol/L) |
| Culpepper et al. (87) | R, DB, PC, CO, 18 wk (USA) | M and W, 18 to 65 | 114 | No | I1. Capsules of Bacillus subtilis R0179 (5 × 109) | PL powder | End vs BL (I1) | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 |
| I2. Lactobacillus plantarum HA-119 (5 × 109) | PL powder | End vs BL (I2) | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | |||||
| I3. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis B94 (5 × 109) | PL powder | End vs BL (I3) | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | |||||
| Between interv. | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | |||||||
| Brahe et al. (88) | R, PG, PC, 6 wk (Denmark) | Menopausal W, 40 to 70 | 53 (18/19/16) | No | Powder with L. paracasei spp. paracasei F1 (9.4 × 1010) | PL powder | End vs BL (IG) | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 |
| Between interv. | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | |||||||
| Fuentes et al. (89) | R, DB, PC, PG, 16 wk (Spain) | M and W, 18 to 65 | 60 (30/30) | No | Capsules with L. plantarum CECT7527, CECT7528, CECT7529 (1 × 1010) | PL capsules | End vs BL (IG) | ↓0.7 | ↓0.53 | ↑0.07 | ↓0.87 |
| Between interv. | −0.45 | −0.28 | +0.06 | −0.70 | |||||||
| Rerksuppaphol et al. (90) | R, DB, CT, PC, 6 wk (Thailand) | M and W, 40 to 58 | 64 (31/33) | No | Capsules with L. acidophilus (3 × 109), L. bifidum (3 × 109) | PL capsules | End vs BL (IG) | ↓0.64 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 |
| Between interv. | −1.20 | −0.70 | −0.08 | P > 0.05 | |||||||
| Jones et al. (91) | R, DB, PC, PG, MC, 13 wk (Czech Republic) | M and W, 20 to 75 | 127 (66/61) | No | Capsules with L. reuteri NCIMB 30,242 (2.9 × 109) | PL capsules | End vs BL (IG) | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 |
| Between interv. | −0.58 | −0.51 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | |||||||
1 n = 5, The difference between interventions was calculated by performing subtraction of the difference between end and baseline of each intervention. (End vs BL) indicated the difference between end and baseline of intervention group. If the result was statistically significant, the difference was shown; if the result was statistically nonsignificant was shown, P > 0.05. admin., administration; BL, baseline; CG, control group; CMD, cardiometabolic disease; CO, crossover; CT, controlled trial; DB, double-blind; ITT, intention-to-treat; IG, intervention group; M, men; MC, multicenter; n.d., no data; PC, placebo-controlled; PG, parallel-group; PL, placebo; R, randomized; ref, reference; W, women.