Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in included studies (n = 17)
| First author, year | Initial sample size (n) | Age (years) | Menopausal age (years) | Body mass (kg) | Height (cm) | BMI (kg/m2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bembena, 2000 |
HI: 13 HR: 11 C: 11 |
HI: 50 ± 2 HR: 52 ± 2 C: 52 ± 1 |
HI: 4 ± 1 HR: 2 ± 1 C: 3 ± 1 |
HI: 74.7 ± 5.6 HR: 62.7 ± 3.4 C: 66.5 ± 4.2 |
HI: 162 ± 2 HR: 165 ± 2 C: 166 ± 2 |
HI: 28.7 ± 2.4 HR: 23.2 ± 1.2 C: 24.2 ± 1.7 |
| Bemben 2010 |
E: 22 C: 12 |
E: 64 ± 1 C: 63 ± 1 |
> 5 |
E: 76.6 ± 3.2 C: 77.9 ± 4.5 |
E: 161 ± 2 C: 163 ± 1 |
E: 30 ± 1 C: 29 ± 1 |
| Chilibeck, 2002 * |
E: 14 C: 14 |
E: 57 ± 2 C: 59 ± 2 |
E: 9 ± 2 C: 8 ± 2 |
E: 72 ± 4.3 C: 73.2 ± 4.8 |
E: 164 ± 2 C: 165 ± 1 |
E: 27.0 ± 1.7 C: 26.6 ± 1.2 |
| de Oliveira, 2018 |
E: 17 C: 17 |
E: 56 ± 7 C: 54 ± 5 |
E: 8 ± 7 C: 9 ± 7 |
E: 67.4 ± 8.6 C: 64.6 ± 6.6 |
E: 157 ± 6 C: 154 ± 4 |
E: 27.2 ± 2.7 C: 27.3 ± 2.5 |
| Duff, 2016 |
E: 22 C: 22 |
E: 65 ± 5 C: 65 ± 5 |
n.g. n.g. |
n.g. n.g. |
E: 162 ± 6 C: 160 ± 7 |
n.g. n.g. |
| Hartard 1996 |
E: 18 C: 16 |
E: 64 ± 6 C: 67 ± 10 |
E > 2 C > 2 |
E: 67 ± 7.7 C: 63.8 ± 11.2 |
E: 162 ± 7 C: 158 ± 6 |
n.g. n.g. |
| Kerrb, 1996 |
HI: 28 HR: 28 |
HI: 58 ± 4 HR: 56 ± 5 |
HI: 8 ± 3 HR: 6 ± 4 |
HI: 69.4 ± 11.4 HR: 70.8 ± 10 |
HI: 165 ± 7 HR: 165 ± 6 |
n.g. n.g. |
| Kohrt, 1997 * |
E: 15 C: 15 |
E: 65 ± 1 C: 68 ± 1 |
n.g. n.g. |
E: 72.6 ± 2.3 C: 71.6 ± 1.8 |
E: 164 ± 2 C: 163 ± 2 |
n.g. n.g. |
| Madda-lozzo, 2007 |
E: 35 C: 34 |
E: 52 ± 3 C: 52 ± 3 |
E: 2 ± 1 C: 2 ± 1 |
E: 70 ± 8.7 C: 67.1 ± 12.6 |
n.g. n.g. |
n.g. n.g. |
| Nelson, 1994 |
E: 21 C: 19 |
E: 61 ± 4 C: 57 ± 6 |
E: 12 ± 5 C: 10 ± 5 |
E: 64.7 ± 7.7 C: 62.2 ± 8.9 |
E: 163 ± 6 C: 164 ± 8 |
E: 24.4 ± 2.5 C: 23.1 ± 2.2 |
| Nicholson, 2015 |
E: 28 C: 29 |
E: 66 ± 4 C: 66 ± 5 |
E: > 5 C: > 5 |
E: 70.6 ± 9.1 C: 66.8 ± 10.7 |
E: 164 ± 4 C: 163 ± 5 |
E: 26 ± 3.2 C: 24.5 ± 2.9 |
| Orsatti, 2013 |
E + Pl: 20 Pl: 20 |
E + Pl: 56 ± 9 Pl: 55 ± 8 |
E + Pl: 9 ± 6 Pl: 8 ± 6 |
n.g. n.g. |
n.g. n.g. |
E + Pl: 26 ± 3.0 Pl: 30.4 ± 5.3 |
| Pruitt, 1992 * |
E: 17 C: 10 |
E: 54 ± 1 C: 56 ± 1 |
E: 3 ± 1 C: 4 ± 1 |
E: 64.2 ± 1.9 C: 65.5 ± 2.9 |
E: 162 ± 1 C: 163 ± 2 |
n.g. n.g. |
| Pruitt, 1995 |
HI: 15 HR: 13 C: 12 |
HI: 67 ± 1 HR: 68 ± 1 C: 70 ± 4 |
n.g. n.g. n.g. |
HI: 64.5 ± 9.2 HR: 61.5 ± 4.6 C: 63.8 ± 9.1 |
HI: 162 ± 7 HR: 160 ± 5 C: 160 ± 9 |
HI: 24.5 ± 3.4 HR: 23.9 ± 1.6 C: 25.1 ± 3.1 |
| Rhodes, 2000 |
E: 22 C: 22 |
E: 69 ± 3 C: 68 ± 3 |
n.g. n.g. |
E: 68.4 ± 12 C: 61.7 ± 12.9 |
E: 161 ± 5 C: 159 ± 4 |
n.g. n.g. |
| Sinaki, 1989 |
E: 34 C: 34 |
E: 56 ± 4 C: 56 ± 4 |
n.g. n.g. |
E: 66.2 ± 9.3 C: 66.1 ± 10.6 |
E: 163 ± 6 C: 161 ± 5 |
n.g. n.g. |
| Woo, 2007 |
E: 30 C: 30 |
E: 70 ± 3 C: 69 ± 3 |
n.g. n.g. |
n.g. n.g. |
n.g. n.g. |
E: 24.6 ±4.0 C: 24.9 ± 3.0 |
All values are presented as mean ± SD, otherwise stated
HI high intensity, HR high repetition, C control (group), E exercise (group), Pl placebo, n.g. not given
*Values are presented as mean ± SE
aBaseline data of the study completers (n = 25)
bUnilateral loading (hip, forearm) with the contralateral side as control