Table 1.
Overview of typical frequency bands used for spectral analyses.
| Frequency Band | Frequency (Hz) | Processes | Human ERP | Translational paradigms (rodent/monkey) | Local-circuit substrates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delta | 0.5–4 | oscillatory entrainment, non-REM sleep | P300, late cognitive potentials | Entrainment, sleep | NR2C; T-type Ca2+ channels |
| Theta | 4–7 | Sensory response; memory integration | Auditory N1, MMN; Visual P1; Fixation-related potentials error related negativity | MMN, hippocampal memory encoding | Somatostatin (SOM) interneurons |
| Alpha | 8–12 | Brain “idling”; thalamocortical processing; pulvinar-cortex interaction | Ongoing alpha EEG amplitude eyes open/eyes closed; visual steady-state response; stimulus/attention-induced alpha ERD | Pulvinar modulation (monkey) | High-threshold thalamic interneurons |
| Beta | 12–24 | Motor processing; cross-region coordination, top-down information transfer | Pre-motor potentials; task-related beta suppression | Pre-motor potentials | Gap junctions; M-currents; Kc7-type K+ channels |
| Gamma | >24 | Local circuit activation, bottom-up information transfer, binding | Induced gamma; auditory steady-state response | Auditory steady-state response | Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons |