Skip to main content
. 2020 Jul 14;10:11556. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68504-2

Table 1.

Baseline demographic characteristics cognitive function between normosmia and hyposmia groups.

Aβ ±  Aβ + 
Normosmia Hyposmia P value Normosmia Hyposmia P value
N 72 55 25 34
Sex (M:F) 21:51 22:33 0.159 8:17 12:22 0.792
Age (years) 67.2 ± 9.0 75.4 ± 8.7 <0.001 70.7 ± 9.3 76.9 ± 8.0 0.008
Education (years) 11.0 ± 4.3 11.2 ± 5.2 0.797 10.8 ± 3.7 11.1 ± 5.4 0.840
CCSIT 9.6 ± 1.2 4.9 ± 2.1 <0.001 9.3 ± 1.1 4.3 ± 2.2 <0.001
ApoE ε4+ (%) 13 (18%) 20 (36%) 0.020 16 (64%) 18 (53%) 0.396
CU/MCI/DEM (%) 42/44/14% 18/35/47% <0.001 12/56/32% 9/29/62% 0.073
Amyloid positivity 25 (35%) 34 (62%) 0.002 25 (100%) 34 (100%) n.a
Neuropsychological tests
 MMSE 26.8 ± 2.9 22.7 ± 5.1 <0.001 25.7 ± 3.8 20.9 ± 5.1 <0.001
 CDR-SB 1.1 ± 1.4 3.0 ± 2.1 <0.001 2.0 ± 1.7 3.7 ± 2.0 0.005
 Total cognition score 153.7 ± 38.3 116.7 ± 47.6 0.045 128.6 ± 42.1 104.3 ± 39.9 0.033
 Memory 55.9 ± 22.1 36.3 ± 23.6 0.010 41.7 ± 21.7 29.9 ± 18.5 0.108
 Language and related 22.1 ± 3.8 19.0 ± 5.4 0.003 20.7 ± 4.7 17.7 ± 5.3 0.033
  Visuospatial 30.5 ± 6.6 26.4 ± 9.5 0.040 27.0 ± 9.5 25.4 ± 9.7 0.298
 Frontal/executive 35.4 ± 11.3 25.9 ± 13.1 0.005 29.5 ± 11.2 22.2 ± 11.0 0.028
 Attention 9.9 ± 2.1 9.2 ± 2.6 0.270 9.6 ± 2.3 9.0 ± 2.1 0.187

Data are presented as mean ± SD.

Bold values represent statistically significant P value of < 0.05.

CCSIT Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test, CU cognitively unimpaired, MCI mild cognitive impairment, DEM dementia, ApoE apolipoprotein E, Aβ+/− Aβ-positivity, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, CDR-SB Clinical Dementia Rating sum-of-boxes, n.a not applicable.