Table 1.
Baseline demographic characteristics cognitive function between normosmia and hyposmia groups.
| Aβ ± | Aβ + | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normosmia | Hyposmia | P value | Normosmia | Hyposmia | P value | |
| N | 72 | 55 | 25 | 34 | ||
| Sex (M:F) | 21:51 | 22:33 | 0.159 | 8:17 | 12:22 | 0.792 |
| Age (years) | 67.2 ± 9.0 | 75.4 ± 8.7 | < 0.001 | 70.7 ± 9.3 | 76.9 ± 8.0 | 0.008 |
| Education (years) | 11.0 ± 4.3 | 11.2 ± 5.2 | 0.797 | 10.8 ± 3.7 | 11.1 ± 5.4 | 0.840 |
| CCSIT | 9.6 ± 1.2 | 4.9 ± 2.1 | < 0.001 | 9.3 ± 1.1 | 4.3 ± 2.2 | < 0.001 |
| ApoE ε4+ (%) | 13 (18%) | 20 (36%) | 0.020 | 16 (64%) | 18 (53%) | 0.396 |
| CU/MCI/DEM (%) | 42/44/14% | 18/35/47% | < 0.001 | 12/56/32% | 9/29/62% | 0.073 |
| Amyloid positivity | 25 (35%) | 34 (62%) | 0.002 | 25 (100%) | 34 (100%) | n.a |
| Neuropsychological tests | ||||||
| MMSE | 26.8 ± 2.9 | 22.7 ± 5.1 | < 0.001 | 25.7 ± 3.8 | 20.9 ± 5.1 | < 0.001 |
| CDR-SB | 1.1 ± 1.4 | 3.0 ± 2.1 | < 0.001 | 2.0 ± 1.7 | 3.7 ± 2.0 | 0.005 |
| Total cognition score | 153.7 ± 38.3 | 116.7 ± 47.6 | 0.045 | 128.6 ± 42.1 | 104.3 ± 39.9 | 0.033 |
| Memory | 55.9 ± 22.1 | 36.3 ± 23.6 | 0.010 | 41.7 ± 21.7 | 29.9 ± 18.5 | 0.108 |
| Language and related | 22.1 ± 3.8 | 19.0 ± 5.4 | 0.003 | 20.7 ± 4.7 | 17.7 ± 5.3 | 0.033 |
| Visuospatial | 30.5 ± 6.6 | 26.4 ± 9.5 | 0.040 | 27.0 ± 9.5 | 25.4 ± 9.7 | 0.298 |
| Frontal/executive | 35.4 ± 11.3 | 25.9 ± 13.1 | 0.005 | 29.5 ± 11.2 | 22.2 ± 11.0 | 0.028 |
| Attention | 9.9 ± 2.1 | 9.2 ± 2.6 | 0.270 | 9.6 ± 2.3 | 9.0 ± 2.1 | 0.187 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD.
Bold values represent statistically significant P value of < 0.05.
CCSIT Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test, CU cognitively unimpaired, MCI mild cognitive impairment, DEM dementia, ApoE apolipoprotein E, Aβ+/− Aβ-positivity, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, CDR-SB Clinical Dementia Rating sum-of-boxes, n.a not applicable.