Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models of socioeconomic factors associated with use of dental care (Poland 2010 and 2013)
| 2010 | 2013 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Gender (female vs. male) | 1.431 (1.281–1.599) | < 0.001 | 1.556 (1.061–2.281) | 0.024 | 1.527 (1.359–1.715) | < 0.001 | 2.186 (1.484–3.220) | < 0.001 |
| Age (in years) | 0.991 (0.988–0.993) | < 0.001 | 0.981 (0.976–0.987) | < 0.001 | 0.994 (0.992–0.997) | < 0.001 | 0.989 (0.983–0.994 | < 0.001 |
| Income (5 quintile groupsa) | 1.277 (1.227–1.329) | < 0.001 | 1.547 (1.260–1.900) | < 0.001 | 1.266 (1.215–1.320) | < 0.001 | 1.316 (1.072–1.614) | 0.009 |
| Level of education (3 ordinal categoriesb) | 2.138 (1.915–2.386) | < 0.001 | 2.339 (1.631–3.353) | < 0.001 | 2.071 (1.852–2.317) | < 0.001 | 1.584 (1.118–2.246) | 0.010 |
| Place of residence (3 ordinal categoriesc) | 1.304 (1.221–1.393) | < 0.001 | 1.111 (1.021–1.207) | 0.015 | 1.266 (1.181–1.356) | < 0.001 | 1.077 (0.989–1.173) | 0.089 |
| Source of incomed | ||||||||
| Farm income | 0.774 (0.587–1.020) | 0.069 | 1.231 (0.913–1.660) | 0.172 | 0.757 (0.569–1.006) | 0.055 | 1.170 (0.860–1.591) | 0.316 |
| Self-employment | 1.149 (0.872–1.514) | 0.324 | 1.256 (0.947–1.667) | 0.115 | 0.893 (0.655–1.216) | 0.472 | 0.954 (0.696–1.308) | 0.772 |
| Annuities and pensions | 0.607 (0.518–0.712) | < 0.001 | 1.170 (0.935–1.462) | 0.169 | 0.640 (0.546–0.751) | < 0.001 | 1.014 (0.811–1.267) | 0.905 |
| Social benefits | 0.735 (0.543–0.995) | 0.047 | 0.867 (0.586–1.281) | 0.471 | 0.945 (0.707–1.263) | 0.704 | 1.227 (0.856–1.758) | 0.265 |
| Other sources | 1.022 (0.897–1.165) | 0.742 | 1.183 (0.967–1.445) | 0.099 | 0.854 (0.743–0.982) | 0.026 | 0.982 (0.794–1.216) | 0.870 |
| Income_level of education | 0.901 (0.232–0.987) | 0.023 | 0.997 (0.912–1.089) | 0.939 | ||||
| Gender_income | 1.000 (0.905–1.105) | 0.996 | 0.910 (0.822–1.007) | 0.068 | ||||
p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant (in bold)
aIn 2013: I: ≤ 644.88; II: 645.00–898.57; III: 899.00–1182.61; IV: 1182.65–1600.64; V: ≥ 1601.67. In 2013: I: ≤ 722.50; II: 723.31–1033.75; III: 1033.93–1350.00; IV: 1350.08–1850.00; V: ≥ 1850.20
bLow: primary and lower secondary; Medium: upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary; High: short-cycle tertiary, bachelor, master and doctoral
cPlace of residence: up to 20 thousand inhabitants; 20–200 thousand inhabitants; 200 thousand inhabitants and more
dReference category: wages and salaries