Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models of socioeconomic factors associated with non-use of dental care while needed (Poland 2010 and 2013)
| 2010 | 2013 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Gender (female vs. male) | 0.998 (0.878;1.134) | 0.980 | 0.995 (0.730–1.356) | 0.974 | 1.046 (0.878–1.246) | 0.614 | 1.194 (0.790–1.806) | 0.400 |
| Age (in years) | 1.004 (1.001;1.007) | 0.004 | 0.995 (0.989–1.001) | 0.079 | 1.008 (1.004;1.012) | < 0.001 | 1.001 (0.993–1.009) | 0.861 |
| Income (5 quintile groupsa) | 0.858 (0.819;0.898) | < 0.001 | 0.642 (0.535–0.771) | < 0.001 | 0.855 (0.803;0.911) | < 0.001 | 0.853 (0.662–1.099) | 0.218 |
| Level of education (3 ordinal categoriesb) | 0.943 (0.841;1.057) | 0.311 | 0.641 (0.481–0.854) | 0.002 | 0.875 (0.750;1.019) | 0.087 | 0.928 (0.628–1.369) | 0.706 |
| Place of residence (3 ordinal categoriesc) | 1.052 (0.970;1.139) | 0.221 | 1.186 (1.079–1.303) | < 0.001 | 1.127 (1.012;1.255) | 0.029 | 1.305 (1.154–1.475) | < 0.001 |
| Source of incomed | ||||||||
| Farm income | 1.080 (0.835;1.398) | 0.557 | 1.043 (0.795–1.368) | 0.763 | 1.098 (0.765;1.575) | 0.613 | 1.041 (0.711–1.524) | 0.837 |
| Self-employment | 0.754 (0.537;1.059) | 0.103 | 0.827 (0.587–1.165) | 0.277 | 0.535 (0.302;0.945) | 0.031 | 0.566 (0.319–1.004) | 0.051 |
| Annuities and pensions | 0.488 (0.408;0.583) | < 0.001 | 0.554 (0.435–0.706) | < 0.001 | 0.691 (0.550;0.869) | 0.002 | 0.641 (0.470–0.873) | 0.005 |
| Social benefits | 1.158 (0.883;1.519) | 0.288 | 1.160 (0.860–1.566) | 0.331 | 1.398 (0.972;2.011) | 0.071 | 1.287 (0.870–1.906) | 0.208 |
| Other sources | 0.442 (0.373;0.524) | < 0.001 | 0.729 (0.586–0.908) | 0.005 | 0.535 (0.423;0.677) | < 0.001 | 0.885 (0.667–1.176) | 0.399 |
| Income_level of education | 1.115 (1.026–1.212) | 0.011 | 0.981 (0.874–1.101) | 0.745 | ||||
| Gender_income | 1.011 (0.917–1.114) | 0.824 | 0.959 (0.840–1.093) | 0.525 | ||||
p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant (in bold)
aIn 2013: I: ≤ 644.88; II: 645.00–898.57; III: 899.00–1182.61; IV: 1182.65–1600.64; V: ≥ 1601.67. In 2013: I: ≤ 722.50; II:723.31–1033.75; III: 1033.93–1350.00; IV: 1350.08–1850.00; V: ≥ 1850.20
bLow: primary and lower secondary; medium: upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary; high: short-cycle tertiary, bachelor, master and doctoral
cPlace of residence: up to 20 thousand inhabitants; 20–200 thousand inhabitants; 200 thousand inhabitants and more
dReference category: wages and salaries