Table 1.

Demographic, functional, and neuropsychological assessment data for each study group (robust and frail).

	Robust	Frail	p-value
n	34	20
Age median [IQR]	78.50 [74.00, 82.00]	81.00 [77.75, 82.75]	0.104
Gender n [% female]	21.00 [61.80]	15.00 [75.00]	0.381
Functional status median [IQR]
ADL	100.00 [100.00, 100.00]	92.50 [80.00, 100.00]	<0.001
SPPB	10.00 [9.00, 11.75]	7.00 [5.00, 8.00]	<0001
Neuropsychological assessment median [IQR]
Memory
Logic memory (I.A)	6.00 [5.00, 7.00]	5.00 [4.00, 6.25]	0.213
Logic memory (I.B)	7.00 [4.00, 10.75]	5.00 [4.00, 11.00]	0.739
Logic memory (II.A)	2.00 [0.00, 5.00]	0.50 [0.00, 3.25]	0.347
Logic memory (II.B)	5.00 [3.00, 7.75]	4.50 [0.75, 6.25]	0.427
ROCF (copy)	28.50 [25.00, 32.00]	29.00 [25.50, 31.00]	0.936
ROCF (immediate recall)	12.50 [8.62, 15.50]	8.50 [4.62, 12.50]	0.039
ROCF (delayed recall)	11.00 [8.50, 14.00]	8.00 [2.75, 11.62]	0.021
Language
BNT	15.00 [15.00, 15.00]	15.00 [14.00, 15.00]	0.298
Phonemic fluency	21.00 [14.00, 27.50]	20.00 [15.50, 25.00]	0.641
Semantic fluency	14.00 [11.00, 17.75]	10.50 [9.00, 14.25]	0.045
Attention and executive function
TMTA (time)	93.00 [69.25, 131.50]	116.50 [69.75, 195.50]	0.119
TMTA (errors)	0.00 [0.00, 1.00]	1.00 [0.00, 1.25]	0.175
TMTB (time)	307.50 [198.50, 379.00]	395.50 [282.00, 604.00]	0.130
TMTB (errors)	2.00 [1.00, 4.75]	4.00 [3.00, 6.00]	0.032
Direct digit	7.00 [6.00, 8.00]	6.00 [4.75, 7.00]	0.036
Inverse digit	6.00 [5.00, 7.00]	6.00 [5.00, 6.00]	0.424
Cognitive status
MMSE	27.00 [26.00, 28.00]	26.00 [25.00, 28.00]	0.543

ADL, Barthel Index for Activities of the Daily Living; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; ROCF, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure; BNT, Boston Naming Test; TMTA, Trail Making Test Part A; TMTB, Trail Making Test Part B; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; IQR, Interquartile Range. Bold values indicate significant results.