Table 2.
Plant species used in modern and traditional medicine of Pčinja district.
| Scientific name, local Serbian name, family name, voucher number | Part(s) used | Medicinal usea | Preparation form | Medical use according to Tucakov (Tucakov, 1997) | Number of use reports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Achillea millefolium L., hajdučka trava, sporiš, hajdučica, Asteraceae, IPLB36/13 |
Herb | D: 8 (I: loss of appetite, stomach disorders, liver problems) R: 4 (I: cough and cold) U: 1 (I: renal complaints) K: 2 (I: circulation improvement, against hemorrhoids and palpitations) S: 1 (E: against wounds) |
Infusion, Tincture |
D: tonic, stomachic, antispasmodic, excessive intestinal gas and flatulence, chronic constipation and gallstones R: bronchial asthma, febrifuge U: kidney stones K: hemorrhoids S: wounds and stab wounds X: emmenagogue |
16 |
|
Acorus calamus L., iđirot, Acoraceae, IPLB44/13 |
Root | D: 2 (I: digestive problems, ulcers) | Decoction | D: improving appetite, digestion, against colic, diarrhea and intestinal gas R: bronchitis |
2 |
|
Allium sativum L., beli luk, Amarillydaceae, IPLB28/14 |
Bulb | T: 2 (I: high lipid level) | Fresh | D: (I: against diarrhea and parasites) K: (I: heart pain) A: (I: malaria, against typhus and infectious diseases that are results of floods) N: (E: headache, unconsciousness) S: (E: for skin diseases, against hair loss) |
1 |
|
Allium ursinum L., sremuš, Amarillydaceae, IPLB26/14 |
Leaf Root Bulb |
D: 3 (I: stimulation of digestive system) T: 1 (I: source of vitamin C) |
Fresh, Tincture |
/ | 4 |
|
Althaea officinalis L., beli slez, Malvaceae, IPLB32/14 |
Root Leaf Flower |
R: 11 (I: cough) U: 1 (I: urinary tract infections) |
Macerate, Infusion |
Data only for root: R: (I: inflammation of respiratory tract) X: (E: flushing of genital tract) G: (I: against diarrhea) |
12 |
| Anethum graveolens L., mirođija, Apiaceae, IPLB21/14 | Leaf | D: 1 (I: digestive complaints) | Spice | G: (I: better digestion, against flatulence) N: (I: insomnia) C: (I: hemorrhoids) |
1 |
|
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., medveđe grožđe, uva, Ericaceae, IPLB17/14 |
Leaf | U: 3 (I: urinary tract infections) | Infusion | U: (I: urinary infections, kidney stone) | 3 |
|
Armoracia rusticana P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb., hren, ren, Brassicaceae, IPLB18/13 |
Root | D: 1 (E: stomach pain) | Compress | / | 1 |
|
Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott, aronija, Rosaceae, IPLB25/13 |
Leaf Fruit | T: 1 (I: diabetes) K: 1 (I: high blood pressure) B: 3 (I: anemia, weakened immune system) |
Fresh, Juice, Infusion |
/ | 5 |
|
Artemisia absinthium L., beli pelin, Asteraceae, IPLB17/13 |
Flower | D: 2 (I: gastrointestinal and liver complains) U: 1 (I: renal complaints) |
Infusion | / | 3 |
|
Beta vulgaris L., cvekla, Amaranthaceae, IPLB67/14 |
Root | B: 1 (I: anemia) | Juice, Fresh |
/ | 1 |
|
Brassica nigra (L.) K. Koch., crna slačica, Brassicaceae, IPLB33/13 |
Seed | D: 1 (I: liver complaints) T: 1 (I: diabetes) L: 1 (I: rheumatism) |
Decoction | R: (E: bronchitis, mild pneumonia) L: (E: rheumatism) |
3 |
|
Calendula officinalis L., neven, Asteraceae, IPLB53/13 |
Flower, Herb | S: 8 (Е: against burns, wounds and skin complaints) D: 3 (I: digestive and liver complaints) K: 1 (E: vein problems) L: 2 (E: bone pain) |
Fat based ointments, infusion, tincture | S: (E: scaly tinea, impetigo, wounds and skin ulcers, bee and wasp sting) X. (I: irregular menstrual bleeding; E: vaginal irrigation) D: (I: stomach, gut and gallbladder diseases) |
14 |
|
Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze, zeleni čaj, Theaceae, IPLB1-T/13 |
Leaf | T: 4 (I: detoxification, antioxidant) S: 1 (E: burns) K: 1 (I: high blood pressure) |
Infusion, compress |
T: (I: antidote in cases of alkaloids and heavy metals poisoning) D: (I: for some stomach diseases) U: (I: mild diuretic) |
6 |
|
Capsicum annuum L., crvena paprika, Solanaceae, IPLB73/13 |
Fruit | L: 1 (E: rheumatism) | Compress | D: (I: improves digestion, stomach pain) P: (I: alcoholism) |
1 |
|
Carum carvi L., kim, Apiaceae, IPLB101/13 |
Fruit | D: 2 (I: flatulence, meteorism) U: 1 (I: diuretic) |
Decoction | D: (I: improves digestion) U: (I: diuretic) X: (I: galactagogue) |
3 |
|
Cetraria islandica L., islandski lišaj, Parmeliaceae, IPLB86/14 |
Thallus | R: 2 (I: cough) | Decoction | R: (I: cough relief) G: (I: against nausea and vomiting, tonic and stomachic, against chronic diarrhea) |
2 |
|
Chelidonium majus L., rusopas, rusa, Papaveraceae, IPLB8/13 |
Leaf Flower |
D: 1 (I: liver complaints) | Infusion, Juice |
S: (E: cutaneous tuberculosis, warts removing) D: (I: bile production stimulation, gastrointestinal pain) R: (I: asthma) |
1 |
|
Cichorium intybus L., vodopija, cikorija, gologuza, Asteraceae, IPLB40/14 |
Stem | D: 1 (I: diarrhea) | Infusion | D: (I: improving of appetite, bile ducts cleaning, inflammation of gut and stomach inflammation) | 1 |
|
Cinnamomum verum J. Presl, cimet, Lauraceae, IPLB12-T/14 |
Bark | A: 1 (E: antiseptic) | Infusion | / | 1 |
| Citrus x limon (L.) Osbeck., limun, Rutaceae, IPLB7-T/14 | Fruit Leaf |
T: 2 (I: source of vitamin C) B: 1 (I: weakened immune system) |
Juice | / | 3 |
|
Cornus mas L., dren, drenjina, Cornaceae, IPLB14/14 |
Fruit | D: 1 (I: diarrhea) | Infusion | D: (I: diarrhea, treatment of gastrointestinal organs) | 1 |
| Crataegus monogyna Jacq., glog, Rosaceae, IPLB10/13 | Leaf Flower Fruit | K: 8 (I: heart failure) R: 1 (I: respiratory complaints) T: 1 (I: rich source of vitamin C) |
Infusion, Juice |
K: (I: arrhythmia, arteriosclerosis and hypertension) | 10 |
|
Cucurbita pepo L., tikva, Cucurbitaceae, IPLB114/14 |
Seed | Y: 1 (I: benign prostate hyperplasia) | Fresh, Mixed with honey |
S: fresh or cooked pulpa for treatment of psoriasis) | 1 |
|
Cydonia oblonga Mill., dunja, Rosaceae, IPLB99/13 |
Leaf | D: 1 (I: diarrhea) | Infusion | R: (I: antitussive agent) S: (E: for burns) |
1 |
|
Cynara scolymus L., artičoka, Asteraceae, IPLB82/14 |
Flower | T: 1 (I: high lipid level) | Tincture | G: (I: improves digestion, choleretic and cholagogue) U: (I: mild diuretic) |
1 |
|
Daucus carota L., šargarepa, Apiaceae, IPLB86/13 |
Root | F: 1 (I: good for improving eyesight) | Fresh | D: (I: juice is used for threadworms, against diarrhea) T: (I: juice is used for diabetes) |
1 |
|
Equisetum arvense L., rastavić, preslica Equisetaceae, IPLB6/13 |
Herb | U: 2 (I: urinary tract ailments and infections) B: 1 (I: anemia) R: 1 (I: respiratory complaints) |
Infusion | U: (I: diuretic) | 4 |
|
Ficus carica L., smokva, Moraceae, IPLB116/14 |
Fruit | D: 1 (I: digestive complaints) | Fresh, Juice |
R: (I: expectorant, as a component in tea mixtures for lungs) D: (in combination with senna leaves) |
1 |
|
Foeniculum vulgare Mill., morač, komorač, Apiaceae, IPLB85/13 |
Fruit | D: 3 (I: digestive complaints) | Infusion, decoction, fresh |
D: (I: improving of appetite, beneficial for good digestion, diminish consequences of incomplete and slow digestion) | 3 |
|
Fragaria vesca L., jagoda, Rosaceae, IPLB77/14 |
Fruit | T: 1 (I: high lipid level) | Fresh, Juice |
Rhizome: D: (I: against diarrhea, dysentery, gastrointestinal inflammations) K: (E: hemorrhoids) U: (I: diuretic) |
1 |
|
Gentiana lutea L., lincura, Gentianaceae, IPLB12/12 |
Root | D: 3 (I: digestive problems, loss of appetite) K: 2 (E: vein complaints) |
Tincture | D: (for stomach, against fever) S: (I: for wounds) R: (I: root is cooked and tea is used against cough) |
5 |
|
Geranium macrorrhizum L., zdravac, Geraniaceae, IPLB53/14 |
Leaf Flower |
D: 1 (I: digestive disorders) | Infusion | D: (I: treatment of inflamed gastrointestinal mucosa) | 1 |
|
Ginkgo biloba L., ginko, Ginkgoaceae, IPLB3-T/14 |
Leaf | K: 1 (I: circulation disorder) | Infusion | / | 1 |
|
Hedera helix L., bršljan, Araliaceae, IPLB105/13 |
Leaf | R: 1 (I: cough) | Syrup | S: (E: treatment of skin diseases, warts) L: (treatment of rheumatism) |
1 |
|
Hibiscus sabdariffa L., hibiscus, Malvaceae, IPLB2-T/14 |
Flower | R: 2 (I: cold) | Infusion | / | 2 |
|
Hypericum perforatum L., kantarion, Hypericaceae, IPLB9/12 |
Herb | S: 25 (E: against burns, wounds and skin complaints) D: 13 (I: gastrointestinal ailments) K: 3 (E: circulation disorders) R: 3 (I: cold) P: 3 (I: depression, sedative) U: 1 (I: urinary complaints) |
Infusion, Oil extract |
S: (E: cuts, burns, wounds) K: (E: hemorrhoids) D: (I: liver and gastric pain, diarrhea) |
48 |
|
Hyssopus officinalis L., miloduh, Lamiaceae, IPLB83/14 |
Leaf Flower |
R: 1 (I: bronchitis) | Infusion | R: (I: chronic bronchitis, asthma) G: (I: stomachic) |
1 |
|
Inula helenium L., oman, Asteraceae, IPLB60/13 |
Leaf Flower |
R: 1 (I: cough) | Infusion | R: (I: bronchitis, cough) X: (I: irregular menstrual bleeding) S: (E: dry tinea infections and itchiness) G: (I: stomachic) L: (I: rheumatism) |
1 |
|
Juniperus communis L., kleka, Cupressaceae, IPLB12/13 |
Fruit | U: 1 (I: diuretic) | Juice, Infusion |
U: (I: diuretic) R: (I: common cold, cough, asthma) X,Y: (I: gonorrhea) |
1 |
|
Laurus nobilis L., lovor, Lauraceae, IPLB47/13 |
Leaf | R: 1 (I: cough) | Infusion | D: (I: essential oil of leaves – carminative) | 1 |
|
Lavandula angustifolia Mill., lavanda, Lamiaceae, IPLB19/13 |
Herb | P: 1 (I: anxiety, insomnia) D: 1 (I: gastrointestinal spasms and flatulence) |
Infusion | S: (E: external application, for bath, rubefacient) | 2 |
| Linum usitatissimum L., lan, Linaceae, IPLB23/14 | Seed | R: 1 (I: cough) | Infusion | D: (I: treatment of inflamed mucosa of mouth, stomach and gut, gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases) | 1 |
|
Lycopodium clavatum L., prečica, Lycopodiaceae, IPLB41/14 |
Herb | D: 1 (I: liver disorders) | Infusion | S: (E: non-infectious skin rashes and various skin diseases) U: (I: bladder and kidney diseases) |
1 |
|
Matricaria chamomilla L., kamilica, Asteraceae, IPLB74/13 |
Herb | S: 3 (E: skin inflammation, as mouth and eyewash, for burns) D: 22 (I: digestive problems, liver disorders) R: 15 (I: cough) L: 3 (I: anxiety and insomnia) |
Infusion | S: (E: burns, wounds, skin ulcers, non-infectious skin rashes) X: (E: washing genital organs) D: (E: digestion complaints) L: (I: insomnia) |
43 |
|
Melissa officinalis L., matičnjak, Lamiaceae, IPLB43/13 |
Leaf | P: 7 (I: anxiety and insomnia, depression) N: 1 (I: migraine) L: 2 (E: rheumatism, gout) S: 1 (E: wound) D: 1 (I: digestive problems) |
Infusion, Tincture, Oil extract |
P: (I: hysteria) D: (I: flatulence, vomiting, diarrhea) P: (I: neurasthenia) |
12 |
|
Mentha x piperita L., pitoma nana, Lamiaceae, IPLB15/13 |
Herb | D: 60 (I: digestive problems, meteorism, flatulence, spasms) L: 7 (I: anxiety, insomnia) N: 1 (I: headache) A: 4 (I: fever) S: 2 (E: mouthwash) |
Infusion, Spice |
D: (I: intestinal gas, flatulence and cramps, digestion problems as a stomachic, mild diarrhea) P: (I: anxiolytic) |
74 |
|
Mentha spicata L., divlja nana, Lamiaceae, IPLB30/13 |
Herb | D: 1 (I: stomach disorders) R: 1 (I: cough) |
Infusion | / | 2 |
|
Morinda citrifolia L., noni, Rubiaceae, IPLB10-T/14 |
Fruit | T: 1 (I: tonic) | Tincture | / | 1 |
|
Ocimum basilicum L., bosiljak, Lamiaceae, IPLB24/13 |
Herb, Flower, Leaf | R: 10 (I: inhalation agent, cough, asthma) D: 5 (I: gastrointestinal ailments) U: 1 (I: urinary complaints) P: 1 (I: anxiety) S: 1 (E: warts) |
Infusion, Compress, Spice |
P: (I: for calming of exhilarated nervous system) D: (E: against intestinal gas, flatulence, and gastrointestinal complaints, for improving of appetite) U: (I: stimulates urination, against kidney inflammation) X: (I: increasing breast milk production at nursing mothers, regulation of menstrual cycle) |
18 |
|
Origanum majorana L., majoran, Lamiaceae, IPLB39/14 |
Flower | D: 1 (I: digestive complaints) N: 1 (I: headache) |
Infusion | S: (E: skin inflammation and wound healing) | 2 |
|
Origanum vulgare L., vranilova trava, Lamiaceae, IPLB27/13 |
Herb | U: 1 (I: urinary tract infections) | Infusion | D: (I: gastrointestinal diseases, especially diarrhea) S: (E: skin and mucosal inflammation) |
1 |
|
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss, peršun, Apiaceae, IPLB34/13 |
Leaf Root Seed |
U: 6 (I: urinary tract infections) | Infusion, Spice |
U: (I: diuretic) | 6 |
|
Pinus sylvestris L., beli bor, Pinaceae, IPLB38/14 |
Needle | R: 1 (I: respiratory disorders) | Syrup | R: (I: chronic bronchitis) L: (E: rheumatism) |
1 |
|
Plantago major L., ženska bokvica, Plantaginaceae, IPLB16/13 |
Leaf | R: 3 (I: cough, bronchitis) S: 2 (E: skin complaints) |
Infusion, Compress |
R: (I: expectorant) S: (E: skin and mucosal inflammation) D: (I: beneficial effect on gastrointestinal system, for diarrhea, stomach cramps, gastric and duodenal ulcers) |
5 |
|
Potentilla anserina L., steža, Rosaceae, IPLB48/14 |
Stem Flower |
D: 1 (I: diarrhea) | Infusion | K: (I: heart pain) D: (diarrhea) |
1 |
|
Primula veris L., jaglika, jagorčevina, Primulaceae, IPLB29/13 |
Root Flower Leaf |
R: 5 (I: cough) K: 1 (I: vein complaints) |
Decoction Infusion Tincture Syrup |
R: (I: cough) | 6 |
|
Prunus armeniaca L., kajsija, Rosaceae, IPLB35/13 |
Seed | T: 1 (I: source of vitamin B17) | Fresh | / | 1 |
|
Pulmonaria officinalis L., plućnjak Boraginaceae, IPLB45/13 |
Leaf Flower Root |
R: 1 (I: respiratory disorders) | Infusion | R: (I: expectorants) U: (I: diuretic) G: (I: antidiarrhoeic agent) |
1 |
|
Punica granatum L., nar, Lythraceae, IPLB52/13 |
Bark | D: 1 (I: diarrhea) | Infusion | D: (I: against tapeworms) | 1 |
|
Rosa canina L., šipurak, divlja ruža, Rosaceae, IPLB20/13 |
Fruit | A: 4 (I: fever) D: 2 (I: stomach complaints) T: 2 (I: source of vitamin C) B: 1 (I: weakened immune system) |
Decoction | T: (I: source of vitamin C) D: (I: astringent in gut diseases, especially at kids diarrhea) U: (I: diuretic – Cynosbati semen) |
9 |
|
Rosmarinus officinalis L., ruzmarin Lamiaceae, IPLB5/13 |
Leaf Flower |
D: 2 (I: stomach complaints) K: 1 (I: cardiovascular complaints) |
Infusion Spice |
S: (E: stimulates hair growth) D: (I: carminative) X: (I: abortifacient) |
3 |
|
Rubus vulgaris Weihe & Nees, kupina, Rosaceae, IPLB31/13 |
Leaf, Fruit |
B: 1 (I: anemia) | Infusion | D: (I: chronic diarrhea) K: (I: hemmorhoides) |
1 |
|
Salix caprea L., vrba iva, Salicaceae, IPLB61/14 |
Bark | L: 1 (I: rheumatic pain) | Infusion | – | 1 |
|
Salvia officinalis L., žalfija, Lamiaceae, IPLB4/13 |
Herb | R: 28 (E: mouth and throat wash, cold) P: 2 (I: anxiety) D: 2 (I: for “warm” stomach) B: 1 (I: weakened immune system) |
Infusion | R: (E: for mouth and throat washing in inflammatory diseases accompanied with secretion) | 33 |
|
Sambucus nigra L., zova, Adoxaceae, IPLB23/13 |
Flower, Fruit, Leaf, |
A: 12 (I: diaphoretic, fever) U: 1 (I: renal complaints) T: 2 (I: diabetes) K: 1 (I: cleaning the blood) |
Infusion, Juice | A: (I: diaphoretic) D: (I: laxative) U: (I: diuretic) |
16 |
|
Sempervivum tectorum L., čuvarkuća, Crassulaceae, IPLB49/14 |
Leaf | H: 5 (E: earache) S: 2 (E: wounds and warts) |
Juice Compress, Tincture |
S: (E: skin inflammation) | 7 |
|
Senna alexandrina Mill., sena, Fabaceae, IPLB5-T/14 |
Leaf | D: 3 (I: laxative) | Infusion | / | 3 |
|
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., gujina trava, Asteraceae, IPLB76/14 |
Fruit | D: 1 (I: liver disorders) | Decoction | R: (I: asthma) A: (I: headache, tonic) D: (I: alleviates gallbladder attack, constipation) T: (I: diabetes) K: (I: hemorrhoids) |
1 |
|
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni, stevia, Asteraceae, IPLB13-T/14 |
Leaf | T: 1 (I: sweetener instead of sugar) | Fresh | – | 1 |
|
Symphytum officinale L., gavez, Boraginaceae, IPLB50/13 |
Flower, leaf | L: 1 (E: bone fractures, rheumatism) | Compress | L: (E: bone fracture) S: (E: for stabs, skin ulcers, old and abscess wounds) R: (I: as expectorant and for inflammation of mouth) |
1 |
|
Taraxacum campylodes G.E.Haglund, maslačak, Asteraceae, IPLB70/13 |
Root, leaf, flower |
D: 2 (I: laxative, liver disorder) T: 5 (I: diabetes, antioxidant) R: 1 (I: respiratory problems) |
Infusion, Decoction, Spice |
– | 8 |
|
Teucrium chamaedrys L., podubica, Lamiaceae, IPLB54/14 |
Leaf Herb |
D: 3 (I: digestive and liver complaints) | Infusion | D: (I: gallbladder problems) K: (I: hemorrhoids) S: (E: wounds) X: (E: increased vaginal discharge with no infections) |
3 |
|
Teucrium montanum L., trava iva, Lamiaceae, IPLB12/14 |
Herb | D: 2 (I: digestive complaints) | Infusion | D: (I: gallbladder problems) K: (I: hemorrhoids) S: (E: wounds) X: (E: increased vaginal discharge with no infections) |
2 |
|
Thymus serpyllum L., majkina dušica, Lamiaceae, IPLB3/13 |
Herb | R: 13 (I: cold, bronchitis) D: 11 (I: gastrointestinal disorders) P: 3 (I: anxiety and insomnia) X: 1 (I: gynecological complaints in women) |
Infusion Syrup |
D: (I: diarrhea) A: (I: infectious diseases) |
28 |
|
Thymus vulgaris L., timijan, Lamiaceae, IPLB2/13 |
Leaf | R: 1 (I: respiratory disorders) | Infusion | D: (I: intestinal parasites, diarrhea) R: (I: component of mixture for whooping cough and regular cough) |
1 |
|
Tilia cordata Mill., lipa, Malvaceae, IPLB64/13 |
Flower | A: 16 (I: fever, diaphoretic) P: 4 (I: anxiety) |
Infusion | A: (I: diaphoretic) D: (I: for diminishing pain that accompanies stomach cramps) |
20 |
|
Trifolium pratense L., detelina, Fabaceae, IPLB58/14 |
Leaf Flower |
T: 1 (I: rich source of vitamins) | Salad | / | 1 |
|
Tussilago farfara L., podbel, Asteraceae, IPLB37/13 |
Leaf | R: 2 (I: cough, bronchitis) | Infusion | S: (E: leaves covered with lard or oil for stabs, cuts, abscessed and inflamed skin places/area) R: (I: asthma) |
2 |
|
Urtica dioica L., kopriva, Urticaceae, IPLB14/13 |
Herb Leaf Seed |
T: 7 (I: detoxification) K: 10 (I: cleaning the blood, hemorrhoids) B: 7 (I: anemia) S: 3 (E: mouthwash, loss of hair) L: 2 (E: rheumatic disorders) R: 1 (I: respiratory problems) D: 1 (I: digestive problems) |
Infusion, spice, tincture, juice, seed mixed with honey |
D: (I: diarrhea) X: (E: increased vaginal discharge with no infections) K: (I: for hemorrhoids, against bleeding) S: (E: stimulates hair growth, against hair loss and dandruff) L: (E: rheumatism, sciatica and neuralgia) |
31 |
|
Vaccinium myrtillus L., borovnica, Ericaceae, IPLB51/13 |
Fruit Leaf |
B: 4 (I: anemia) U: 1 (I: diuretic) |
Infusion Juice |
D: (I: mild antidiarrheal agent, for acute enterocolitis in adults) U: (I: diuretic) T: (I: diabetes) |
5 |
|
Vaccinium vitis-idea L., brusnica, Ericaceae, IPLB8-T/14 |
Fruit | U: 5 (I: urinary tract infections, diuretic) | Infusion | U: (I: diuretic, treatment of kidney and bladder inflammation) | 5 |
|
Valeriana officinalis L., odoljen, macina trava, valerijana, Caprifoliaceae, IPLB55/13 |
Leaf Flower |
P: 1 (I: sedative) | Infusion, Tincture |
Data only for root P: (I: calming of nervous system) D: (I: carminative) K: (I: beneficial effect on heart) |
1 |
| Vitis vinifera L., vinova loza, Vitaceae, IPLB62/14 | Leaf | L: 1 (I: rheumatism) | Infusion | X: (I: regulation of menstrual cycle) Juice obtained during vine pruning – U: (I: kidney stones); F: (I: for inflamed eyes) |
1 |
|
Zea mays L., kukuruzna svila, Poaceae, IPLB90/13 |
Stigma | U: 3 (I: urinary complaints) L: 1 (I: rheumatic pain, gout) |
Infusion | U: (I: mild diuretic and calming agent for neutralization of pressure in bladder, bladder sand, chronic cystitis, nephritis) L: (I: reducing of rheumatic pain) |
4 |
|
Zingiber officinale Roscoe, đumbir, Zingiberaceae, IPLB6-T/14 |
Root | R: 2 (I: sinus disorders) B: 2 (I: weakened immune system) K: 1 (I: circulation disorder) L: 1 (I: for better muscle mobility) |
Spice, Mixed with honey |
D: (I: carminative, stimulation of appetite) | 6 |
aMethods of employment: I, internally; E, externally; ●Not reported in previously conducted ethnobotanical studies in Serbia (Jarić et al., 2007; Šavikin et al., 2013; Zlatković et al., 2014; Jarić et al., 2015); IPLB – Herbarium of the Institute for Medicinal Plants Research.