TABLE 2.
Baseline Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
| Characteristics | N = 45 |
|---|---|
| Gender - n (%) | |
| Female | 30 (66.7%) |
| Male | 15 (33.3%) |
| Age (years) at enrollment | |
| Mean ± SD | 55.8 ± 9.6 |
| Range | 30.9 to 70.5 |
| Years since diagnosis | |
| Mean ± SD | 11.4 ± 8.2 |
| Range | 1.0 to 39.0 |
| Diagnosisa - n (%) | |
| Chronic intractable neck pain | 45 (100.0%) |
| Chronic intractable upper limb pain | 24 (53.3%) |
| Upper limb pain - n (%) | |
| Bilateral | 15 (62.5%) |
| Unilateral | 9 (37.5%) |
| Pain etiologyb - n (%) | |
| Radiculopathy/neuropathic pain | 40 (88.9%) |
| Degenerative disc disease | 32 (71.1%) |
| Failed cervical spine surgery syndrome | 25 (55.6%) |
| Spondylosis | 19 (42.2%) |
| Mild or moderate spinal stenosis | 17 (37.8%) |
| Other chronic pain | 14 (31.1%) |
| Internal disc disruption/annular tear | 4 (8.9%) |
| Spondylolisthesis | 3 (6.7%) |
| Previous cervical spine surgery - n (%) | 30 (66.7%) |
| Baseline use of opioids - n (%) | 35 (77.8%) |
| Baseline VAS in subjects with pain ≥5 cm | |
| Neck pain (mean ± SD) | 7.6 ± 1.3 |
| Upper limb pain (mean ± SD) | 7.1 ± 1.4 |
| Baseline Pain Disability Index (mean ± SD) | 42.4 ± 11.8 |
aSubjects could have both diagnoses.
bSubject could have more than one etiology.