Table 2.
Exploratory factor analysis of the 18-item awareness scale toward COVID-19
| Items | Factors | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| Isolation and quarantine of infected people are effective for preventing the spread of COVID-19. | 0.662 | 0.154 | 0.199 |
| Reporting symptoms of COVID-19 to local health authorities is important to prevent further disease transmission. | 0.631 | 0.099 | 0.218 |
| Frequent hand washing before preparing and/or eating foods is essential to prevent further COVID-19 transmission. | 0.620 | − 0.107 | − 0.307 |
| Hand washing after contact with possible contaminated materials or surfaces is important to prevent further COVID-19 transmission. | 0.619 | − 0.116 | − 0.292 |
| Consultation of a healthcare provider when you have a cough or fever or difficulty in breathing is critical for preventing COVID-19 spreading. | 0.595 | − 0.100 | − 0.168 |
| Travel bans to/from the areas of the disease should be implemented by the government to prevent COVID-19 spreading. | 0.572 | 0.111 | 0.262 |
| Traveling to China is considered as a risk of novel coronavirus infection. | 0.547 | 0.057 | 0.321 |
| Avoiding contact with sick people can prevent spread of disease. | 0.543 | 0.193 | 0.159 |
| Isolation of COVID-19 patients is important to achieve effective adoption of infection control measures. | 0.482 | 0.218 | 0.168 |
| Avoiding close contact with person who has an active respiratory symptom is essential to prevent further transmission of the disease. | 0.440 | 0.121 | 0.219 |
| Hand washing with soap and water for at least 20 s can prevent COVID-19 transmission. | 0.432 | − 0.007 | 0.068 |
| Antibiotics are effective in COVID-19 treatment. | 0.063 | 0.811 | − 0.128 |
| COVID-19 can be treated with the available antiviral medications. | 0.016 | 0.728 | − 0.035 |
| Vaccination of COVID-19 is available as a protective measure. | 0.095 | 0.697 | − 0.112 |
| There is no treatment for COVID-19 until now. | 0.108 | 0.466 | 0.203 |
| COVID-19 spread could be prevented by avoiding live animal contact. | 0.257 | − 0.026 | 0.674 |
| The main source of novel coronavirus is animal. | 0.066 | 0.063 | 0.577 |
| Chinese goods are considered as a source of exposure to novel coronavirus. | 0.021 | − 0.262 | 0.401 |
Extraction method, principal component analysis; rotation method, Varimax with Kaiser normalization