Table 1.
Characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 at Providence Community Health Centers
| Number (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total patients (N = 120) | Patients without BCG vaccination (n = 38) | Patients with BCG vaccination (n = 82) | P value | |
| Demographic | ||||
| Age, median (IQR), years | 39.5 (27.0–50.0) | 31.0 (23.0–61.0) | 41.0 (29.0–49.0) | 0.390 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 30 (25.0) | 10 (26.3) | 20 (24.4) | 0.821 |
| Female | 90 (75.0) | 28 (73.7) | 62 (75.6) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Latino/Hispanic | 105 (87.5) | 31 (81.6) | 74 (90.2) | 0.163 |
| Non-Latino/Hispanic | 9 (7.5) | 3 (7.9) | 6 (7.3) | |
| Refused | 6 (5.0) | 4 (10.5) | 2 (2.4) | |
| Cigarette smoking historya | 9 (7.5) | 6 (15.8) | 3 (3.7) | 0.019 |
| Symptoms during disease course | ||||
| Cough | 88 (73.3) | 27 (71.1) | 61 (74.4) | 0.701 |
| Shortness of breath | 32 (26.7) | 12 (31.6) | 20 (24.4) | 0.407 |
| Nasal congestion/rhinorrhoea | 62 (51.7) | 19 (50.0) | 43 (52.4) | 0.804 |
| Myalgia | 80 (66.7) | 19 (50.0) | 61 (74.4) | 0.008 |
| Fever | 74 (61.7) | 19 (50.0) | 55 (67.1) | 0.074 |
| Headache | 72 (60.0) | 21 (55.3) | 51 (62.2) | 0.471 |
| Sore throat | 46 (38.3) | 14 (36.8) | 32 (39.0) | 0.819 |
| Vomiting/diarrhoea | 47 (39.2) | 19 (50.0) | 28 (34.2) | 0.098 |
| Loss of smell/taste | 73 (60.8) | 24 (63.2) | 49 (59.8) | 0.722 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Referred to emergency room | 25 (20.8) | 13 (34.2) | 12 (14.6) | 0.014 |
| Hospitalised | 9 (7.5) | 6 (15.8) | 3 (3.7) | 0.019 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 29 (24.2) | 10 (26.3) | 19 (23.2) | 0.708 |
| Diabetes | 15 (12.5) | 5 (13.2) | 10 (12.2) | 0.882 |
| COPD or asthmab | 10 (8.3) | 7 (18.4) | 3 (3.7) | 0.006 |
| Morbid obesityc | 23 (19.2) | 6 (15.8) | 17 (20.7) | 0.522 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 4 (3.3) | 2 (5.3) | 2 (2.4) | 0.423 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Immunocompromised | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 1 (1.2) | 0.494 |
IQR, interquartile range; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
a
Cigarette smoking history: none of the nine hospitalised patients have a cigarette smoking history.
b
COPD or asthma: among the nine hospitalised patients, two patients without BCG vaccination have COPD or asthma, no patient with BCG vaccination has COPD or asthma (P = 0.257).
c
Morbid obesity was defined as a BMI of 40 or more, or 35 or more and experiencing obesity-related health conditions, such as hypertension or diabetes.