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. 2020 Jul 1;111(3):465–481. doi: 10.1111/tesg.12449

Table 1.

The 28 global mega‐regions including forming metros, population (millions) and GDP (US$ billions)

Region Major cities Population Economic output
Bos‐Wash New York; Washington, D.C.; Boston 47.6 3650
Par‐Am‐Mun Paris, Amsterdam, Brussels, Munich 43.5 2505
Chi‐Pitts Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh 32.9 2130
Greater Tokyo Tokyo 39.1 1800
SoCal Los Angeles, San Diego 22.0 1424
Seoul‐San Seoul, Busan 35.5 1325
Beijing Beijing, Tianjin 37.4 1226
Lon‐Leed‐Chester London, Leeds, Manchester 22.6 1177
Hong‐Shen Hong Kong, Shenzhen 19.5 1043
NorCal San Francisco, San Jose 10.8 925
Shanghai Shanghai, Hangzhou 24.2 892
Taipei Taipei 16.7 827
Sao Paolo Sao Paolo 33.5 780
Char‐Lanta Charlotte, Atlanta 10.5 656
Ista‐Burs Istanbul, Bursa 14.8 626
Vienna‐Budapest Vienna, Budapest 12.8 555
Mexico City Mexico City 24.5 524
Rome‐Mil‐Tur Rome, Milan, Turin 13.8 513
Singa‐Lumpur Singapore, Kuala Lumpur 12.7 493
Cairo‐Aviv Cairo, Tel Aviv 19.8 472
So‐Flo Miami, Tampa 9.1 470
Abu‐Dubai Abu Dhabi, Dubai 5.0 431
Osaka‐Nagoya Osaka, Nagoya 9.1 424
Tor‐Buff‐Chester Toronto, Buffalo, Rochester 8.5 424
Delhi‐Lahore New Delhi, Lahore 27.9 417
Barcelona‐Lyon Barcelona, Lyon 7.0 323
Shandong Jinan, Zibo, Dongying 14.2 249
Fresno‐Field Fresno, Bakersfield 2.3 108

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