Table 4.

Case study of HCoVs in several countries.

S.No.	Country	Coronaviruses strains	Year	Effect	Ref.
1	Chicago, USA	HCoV 229E	1962	Respiratory infections among medical students at the University of Chicago	5a
2	Netherlands	HCoV‐NL63	2002‐2003	Replicated faster in monkey kidney cells as compared to HCoV 229E and OC43, matched with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and HCoV 229E	42c, 52
3	Frankfurt, Germany	SARS‐CoV	2003	The patient traveled Singapore, Hong Kong, New York and During a stopover in Frankfurt, Germany on day 7	67
4	Hong‐Kong	MERS‐CoV, SARC‐CoV	2003	SARS‐CoV behind the outbreak of severe respiratory infection in China in this period	51, 68
5	Shenzhen, China	SARS‐CoV, NL63, HKU1	2003‐2004	Isolation of SARS‐CoV from civet cats, the study revealed that it might be originated from animals	69
6	Kenya	HCoV 229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1	2009–2012	Out of 417 samples, 2.4% HCoV‐NL63, ∼3% OC43, ∼2% HKU1, 1% 29E. CoVs are spreaded globally	41a
7	Jordan, Saudi Arabia	MERS‐CoV	2012	Relatives are bat coronaviruses HKU4 and HKU5, 60 years old man died due to renal failure and respiratory infection linked to Jordon and SA	42d, 66
8	UK	The origin of this novel coronavirus is unknown	2012	Severe respiratory infection, the patient traveled from Qatar and Saudi Arabia	70
9	France	HCoV‐OC43	2001‐2013	Genomic studies revealed to understand the dynamics of evolution of CoVs	71
10	USA	HCoVs OC43, NL63, 229E, HKU1	2014‐2017	Out of 854575 cases; 2.2% OC43, 1.0% NL63, 0.8% 229E, 0.6% HKU1. Cases inceased in between December and March	40a

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