TABLE 1.
Demographic data, laboratory indices, clinical course, and outcomes of diabetes versus nondiabetes patients with COVID‐19
| Characteristics | DM (n = 114) | non‐DM (n = 250) | Total (n = 364) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 66 (57‐73) | 64 (52‐73) | 65 (55‐73) | .044 |
| Gender (men) | 62 (54.4%) | 144 (57.6%) | 206 (56.6%) | .571 |
| Days from onset to admission | 10 (7‐14) | 10 (7‐14) | 10 (7‐14) | .568 |
| Died patients | 27 (23.7%) | 32 (12.7%) | 59 (16.2%) | .014 |
| Laboratory parameters (at admission) | ||||
| WBC (×109/L) | 6.77 (5.30‐8.61) | 5.27 (3.99‐7.28) | 5.64 (4.26‐7.86) | <.001 |
| LYM (×109/L) | 0.87 (0.55‐1.27) | 1.0 (0.75‐1.41) | 0.97 (0.71‐1.38) | .134 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 56.6 (17.2‐111.9) | 28.6 (6.6‐70.5) | 37.8(9.4‐81.3) | <.001 |
| IL‐6 (pg/mL) | 17.34 (6.59‐38.39) | 6.56(3.34‐23.13) | 8.99(4.28‐28.81) | .009 |
| ALT (U/L) | 24.5(17.8‐57.0) | 23.0(16.0‐36.0) | 24.0(16.0‐40.0) | .873 |
| AST (U/L) | 28.5(20.0‐47.3) | 28.0(20.0‐40.0) | 28.0(20.0‐41.0) | .032 |
| ALB (g/L) | 34.5(31.8‐37.4) | 36.0(32.8‐39.3) | 35.5(32.4‐38.6) | .012 |
| CR (μmol/L) | 65.0(52.0‐74.8) | 64.0(51.0‐76.5) | 64.0(51.0‐76.0) | .729 |
| eGFR (mL/min·1.73 m2) | 94.4 (74.0‐101.8) | 94.2(85.1‐106.0) | 94.3(83.1‐104.6) | .007 |
| LDH (U/L) | 326(238‐449) | 281(216‐360) | 295(222‐377) | <.001 |
| NT‐proBNP (pg/mL) | 289.8(133.1‐986.0) | 122.4 (46.3‐429.4) | 171.2(56.1‐544.8) | .014 |
| CK (U/L) | 55(36‐119) | 63(40‐111) | 61(38‐113) | .835 |
| CK‐MB (ng/mL) | 1.31(0.85‐2.62) | 1.05(0.66‐1.59) | 1.14 (0.70‐1.90) | <.001 |
| Myoglobin (μg/L) | 60.59(34.13‐122.80) | 45.59(29.38‐82.35) | 49.99(31.46‐92.01) | .008 |
| cTnI (ng/mL) | 0.008(0.005‐0.029) | 0.005(0.005‐0.018) | 0.005(0.005‐0.022) | <.001 |
| D‐dimer (mg/L) | 1.31(0.62‐5.79) | 0.89(0.42‐3.31) | 1.03(0.49‐3.91) | .02 |
| LA (mmol/L) | 2.1(1.7‐2.9) | 2.0(1.6‐2.8) | 2.1(1.6‐2.9) | .488 |
| CD3 (/μl) | 505(284‐850) | 604 (399‐847) | 561(364‐846) | .131 |
| CD4 (/μl) | 321(167‐491) | 380(239‐531) | 357(217‐514) | .215 |
| CD8 (/μl) | 136(75‐289) | 209(129‐327) | 194 (110‐305) | .147 |
| CD4/CD8 | 1.94 (1.34‐3.16) | 1.77(1.23‐2.69) | 1.83(1.24‐2.78) | .109 |
| CD19 (/μl) | 136(80‐192) | 127(76‐196) | 129(77‐193) | .5 |
| CD16 + 56 (/μl) | 111(55‐191) | 116(75‐188) | 112(70‐190) | .755 |
Note: Data are shown as median (interquartile range) and no. of patients (%). P < .05 for DM vs non‐DM was considered statistically significant.
Abbreviations: ALB, albumin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CK, creatine kinase; CK‐MB, creatine kinase myocardial band isoenzyme; COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; CR, creatinine; CRP, C‐reactive protein; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; DM, diabetes; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IL‐6, interleukin‐6; LA, lactic acid; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LYM, lymphocyte; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide; WBC, white blood cell.