TABLE 1.

Therapeutics targeting viral entry

Target	Specific effect/target molecule	Intervention(s)	Status of SARS‐CoV‐2 trial	Sponsor/collaborators	NCT number
TMPRSS2	Sialic receptors	DAS181	Not applicable	Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Ansun Biopharma, Inc.	NCT04324489
	Serine protease inhibitor	Camostat Mesilate	Phase 1, phase 2	University of Aarhus	NCT04321096
Endosome	Endosomal acidification	Chloroquine diphosphate	Phase 2	Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Marcus VinÃcius Guimarães de Lacerda, Mayla Gabriela Silva Borba, Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro, Gisely Cardoso de Melo, Fernando Fonseca de Almeida e Val, Felipe Gomes Naveca, Maria Paula Gomes Mourão, Ludmila Abrahão Hajjar, Jorge Souza Mendonça	NCT04323527
	Endosomal acidification	Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine	Not applicable	University of Oxford	NCT04303507
	Endosomal acidification	Colchicine	Phase 2, Phase 3	Lucio Manenti, Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Parma, Montreal Heart Institute, DACIMA Software	NCT04322565, NCT04322682
	Lysosome	†1 Bromhexine hydrochloride tablets †2 Arbidol hydrochloride †3 Recombinant human interferon Î ± 2b spray	Not applicable	Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, WanBangDe Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.	NCT04273763
	Lysosome	Hydroxychloroquine	Early Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3	National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico, Sanofi; Columbia University; National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico, Sanofi; University of Minnesota; Rambam Health Care Campus, Rabin Medical Center; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center	NCT04315896, NCT04318444, NCT04318015, NCT04308668, NCT04323631, NCT04261517
	Lysosome	Hydroxychloroquine sulfate	Phase 4	University Hospital, Akershus	NCT04316377
	Lysosome	Thalidomide	Phase 2	First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central Hospital	NCT04273581
Spike glycoprotein	Spike glycoprotein	†1 N‐acetylcysteine + Fuzheng Huayu tablet †2 N‐acetylcysteine + placebo	Phase 2	ShuGuang Hospital, Hubei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingmen No.1 People’s Hospital, Tongji Hospital	NCT04279197
	Spike glycoprotein	Nitric oxide	Phase 2	Massachusetts General Hospital, Xijing Hospital, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico	NCT04305457, NCT04306393, NCT04312243
	Spike glycoprotein	Nitric oxide 0.5%/nitrogen 99.5% gas for Inhalation	Phase 2	University of British Columbia, Mallinckrodt	NCT03331445
	Spike glycoprotein	†1 Abidol hydrochloride †2 Abidol hydrochloride combined with interferon atomization	Phase 4	Tongji Hospital	NCT04254874
	Spike glycoprotein	Anti‐ SARS‐CoV‐2 plasma	Phase 2, Phase 3	Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; Mayo Clinic; Foundation IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, OSPEDALE CARLO POMA ASST MANTOVA, OSPEDALE MAGGIORE LODI, OSPEDALE ASST CREMONA; Wuhan Union Hospital, China; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology	NCT04323800, NCT04325672, NCT04321421, NCT04264858, NCT04261426
	Spike glycoprotein	Arbidol	Phase 4	Jieming QU, Ruijin Hospital	NCT04260594
	CD147	Meplazumab	Phase 1, Phase 2	Tang‐Du Hospital	NCT04275245
	Spike glycoprotein	Baricitinib	Phase 3	Hospital of Prato	NCT04320277
	Spike glycoprotein	Human amniotic fluid	Early Phase 1	University of Utah	NCT04319731

Note: †1, †2, and †3 are different arms of parallel intervention.